Exam #3 Growth & Development part I

Question 1

What is infertility?

Answer 1

inability to conceive after 1 year of trying. 6 months if over 35 years old

Question 2

What is sterility?

Answer 2

absolute factor preventing reproduction

Question 3

What is subfertility?

Answer 3

both partners have reduced fertility

Question 4

What is primary infertility?

Answer 4

couple has never had a child

Question 5

What is secondary infertility?

Answer 5

couple previously conceived, now unable to after 12 mo of trying

Question 6

How does smoking affect fertility?

Answer 6

slows down sperm

Question 7

What is anovulation?

Answer 7

failure of ovaries to produce, mature, or release eggs

Question 8

What is the most common cause of tubal damage?

Answer 8

PID

Question 9

What is the ideal consistency of cervical mucous to be receptive to, and encourage transportation of, sperm?

Answer 9

thin, watery and clear

Question 10

What is the embryonic period?

Answer 10

15 days- 8 weeks

Question 11

When does organogenesis occur?

Answer 11

week 8

Question 12

What is the most vulnerable period development?

Answer 12

embryonic period, major malformations can occur during this time

Question 13

How long is a lunar month?

Answer 13

28 days

Question 14

What happens during 1st lunar month? (wks 1-4)

Answer 14

implantation, germ layers develop, heart begins to pulsate (2 chambered), arm & leg buds, brain visible

Question 15

What happens during 2nd lunar month? (wks 5-8)

Answer 15

organogensis complete by wk 8
heart formed with vessels & fetal circulation established
largest organ is the brain

Question 16

What happens during 3rd lunar month? (wks 9-12)

Answer 16

end of 1st trimester
ossification of bones
head = 1/3-1/2 total length
FHT with doppler
kidney secretion by wk 10

Question 17

What happens during 4th lunar month? (wks 13-16)

Answer 17

lanugo on head
quickening (active muscle movement)
GI development=MECONIUM PRESENT

Question 18

What happens during 5th lunar month? (wks 17-20)

Answer 18

Mom will report quickening
prominent lanugo
*vernix
brown fat deposits

Question 19

What happens during 6th lunar month? (wks 21-24)

Answer 19

End of 2nd trimester
fetal resp movements
substantial weight gain
increasing activity
**At the end of this month fetus is considered viable**

Question 20

What happens during 7th lunar month? (wks 25-28)

Answer 20

Surfactant production- allows alveoli to open
eyelids reopen
testes descend
resp & circ systems sufficiently developed

Question 21

What happens during 8th lunar month? (wks 29-32)

Answer 21

SubQ fat deposits increase

mineral storage in bones

Question 22

What happens during 9th lunar month? (wks 33-36)

Answer 22

increased fat deposits

lanugo disappears

Question 23

What happens during 10th lunar month? (wks 37-40)

Answer 23

considered full term
fills uterus
*Acquires antibodies from mother!

Question 24

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 24

implantation any site other than endometrium

Question 25

What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 25

``` endometriosis previous ectopic increased PRO IUD use assisted repro tube abnormality ```

Question 26

What is best diagnostic tool for ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 26

transvaginal U/S

Question 27

Which diagnostic tool also Tx ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 27

laparascopy

Question 28

What can be used to Tx ectopic pregnancy prior to rupture?

Answer 28

methotrexate (chemo so destroys rapidly dividing cells)

Question 29

What is molar pregnancy?

Answer 29

placenta is filled with fluid-filled grape like clusters. Uterus becomes excessively large, nonviable pregnancy

Question 30

What are 2 types of molar pregnancy?

Answer 30

Complete (no embryo or fetal tissue) | Partial (fetal tissue, but severely deformed, not viable)

Question 31

What is a universally present Sx of molar pregnancy?

Answer 31

vaginal bleeding

Question 32

How can you Dx molar pregnancy?

Answer 32

U/S, ^ HCG b/c of ^ trophoblastic cells

Question 33

How do you Tx molar pregnancy?

Answer 33

Remove mole requires HCG testing for 1 year! b/c of risk of developing choriocarcinoma! (NO PREGNANCY for 1 year!!!)

Question 34

What is choriocarcinoma?

Answer 34

CA around is placenta during pregnancy

Question 35

S/Sx of choriocarcinoma?

Answer 35

Blood, brown D/C | elevated hCG

Question 36

Tx for choriocarcinoma?

Answer 36

methotrexate Tx until hCG is negative hysterectomy if no more children desired

Question 37

#1 risk factor for spontaneous abortion?

Answer 37

Advanced maternal age

Question 38

What is a threatened abortion?

Answer 38

bleeding, but cervix closed & products of conception remain in uterus. bleeding will stop within 48 hours if it's going to stop

Question 39

What is an imminent abortion?

Answer 39

termination in progress

Question 40

What is an incomplete abortion? how do you Tx?

Answer 40

fetus is gone, but all or part of the placenta remains | Tx: D&C, pitocin, methergine (induces contractions)

Question 41

What is a missed abortion?

Answer 41

fetus dies in utero but is not expelled

Question 42

What factors R/T teratogens affect the severity of anomalies?

Answer 42

amount, type, timing (in gestation), duration, and fetal genetic sensitivity.

Question 43

What effect do mycins have on fetus?

Answer 43

ototoxic

Question 44

What effect do anticonvulsants have on fetus?

Answer 44

increased risk of neural tube defects

Question 45

At what week should you stop taking salycilates?

Answer 45

28 weeks

Question 46

What is kernicterus?

Answer 46

severe jaundice with brain involvement

Question 47

Which anticoagulant is a teratogen and which is safe during pregnancy?

Answer 47

``` warfarin= teratogen heparin= safe b/c does not cross placenta ```

Question 48

Which vaccines are teratogenic?

Answer 48

MMR, varicella and activated flu vaccine (nasal spray)

Question 49

What is most significant modifiable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes?

Answer 49

smoking

Question 50

What effect does caffeine have on pregnancy?

Answer 50

increased risk of spontaneous abortion BUT no link to birth defects

Question 51

What is the most common teratogen & leading cause of intellectual disability?

Answer 51

ALCOHOL

Question 52

Which is the most sensitive organ to alcohol exposure?

Answer 52

the brain

Question 53

Are methadone babies LGA or SGA?

Answer 53

LGA

Question 54

Are coke and opiate babies LGA or SGA?

Answer 54

SGA

Question 55

When does FAS usually manifest?

Answer 55

within 72 hours after birth.

Question 56

Who gets drug screens during labor?

Answer 56

all moms. universal.