Exam 3 HA Flashcards
(47 cards)
Diastole
ventricles are relaxed and the AV valves are open. The pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles, therefore blood pours rapidly into the ventricles.
Systole
Blood has filled the ventricles and the ventricle pressure rises, closing the AV valves shut (S1 sound)
abdominojugular test
Position pt supine and instruct them to breathe quietly with their mouth open. Hold your right hand over the mid-abdomen and watch the level of jugular pulsation as you push in with your hand
Pulse deficit
auscultating the apical beat while simultaneously palpating the radial pulse
Jugular venous pressure:
Hold a vertical ruler on the sternal angle. Align a straightedge on the ruler like a T-square. Read the level of intersection on the vertical ruler; normal jugular venous pulsation is 2 cm or less above the sternal angle.
Aortic valve area
2nd right interspace
Pulmonic valve area
2nd left interspace
Tricuspid valve area
Left lower sternal border
Mitral valve area
5th interspace at around left midclavicular line
When does S1 occur?
It occurs with the closure of the AV valves; loudest at apex. Beginning of systole
When does S2 happen?
the closure of the semilunar valves and signals the end of systole; loudest at base of heart
Arteriosclerosis
The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries
Lift or heaves
forceful cardiac contractions that cause a slight to vigorous movement of sternum and ribs
Arteries
Carry freshly oxygenated blood away from heart
Veins
Carry blood to heart; absorb CO2 and waste products
Jugular venous pulse
backwash, waveform moving backward caused by regular cardiac cycle
Assessment of JVP
Use the angle of Louis as reference point
Use a vertical ruler and algin into a ‘T’
Must be at 2cm or less to be consider normal & you cannot not see the extension of the jugular vein
Person must be at 30-45 angle in supine position
What happens when JVP slows or speeds up?
Elevated pressure (<3cm @45degrees) = heart failure; must perform the abdominojugular test
Angina pectoris (ischmeic)
Pressurelike pain like tightening which lasts 3 to 5 mins and causes by activity & resolves with rest
Pericarditis (noniscmic)
Sudden sharp and stabbing pain often relived by sitting or leaning foward & worsen when laying down
Modified-allen test
adequate circulation is palmar blush, a return to the normal color of the hand in less than 7 seconds.
The Wells Score for Leg DVT
Score of 1 or 2= moderate probability of DVT.
Score of 3 points or more= high probability of DVT.
Lymphatic System’s functions
Conservative fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
Participates in the body’s immune response
Absorbs lipids from the small intestines
Lymphatic system parts
Bone marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, and Thymus
