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Global Environment > Exam 3 I-clicker questions > Flashcards

Exam 3 I-clicker questions Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Before the evolution of life produced the process of photosynthesis, small amounts of oxygen were added to the Earth’s atmosphere by the process of:

a. respiration
b. volcanic eruptions
c. photodissociation of water vapor
d. the formation of banded iron formations
e. latent heat release

A

c. photodissociation of water vapor

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is due to the high levels of oxygen in the present atmosphere of the Earth?

a. the high level benefits mammals which have a high rate of metabolism
b. the high level leads to high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c. the high level benefits plant photosynthesis
d. the high level leads to transmission of ultraviolet light through the atmosphere
e. the high level suppresses cloud formation

A

a. the high level benefits mammals which have a high rate of metabolism

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3
Q

Which of the following was absent, except in small quantities, in Earth’s early atmosphere?

a. methane
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

A

c. oxygen

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4
Q 
Which geologic feature records the transition from a reducing to an oxidizing atmosphere?
a. The Iridium Layer
b. K-T Boundary
c. Banded Iron Formation (BIF)
D. The Deccan Traps
A

c. Banded Iron Formation (BIF)

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5
Q

Which was likely )one of) the first organism to add oxygen to our atmosphere?

a. Phytoplankton
b. Fungi
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Epiphytes

A

c. Cyanobacteria

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6
Q

Removal of C02 from the atmosphere is biologically mediated and sequestered in:

a. Limestone
b. Coal
c. Petroleum
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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7
Q

From the Hadean to Phanerozoic, Earth’s surface temperature has generally decreased, while atmospheric C02 has been ___ and atmospheric oxygen ___.

a. Increasing, decreasing
b. Increasing, increasing
c. Decreasing, increasing
d. Decreasing, decreasing

A

c. Decreasing, increasing

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8
Q

Which two components of the Earth’s atmosphere vary from place to place in terms of relative composition?

a. Aerosols and oxygen
b. Aerosols and water vapor
c. Water vapor and oxygen
d. Aerosols and nitrogen
e. Water vapor and nitrogen

A

b. Aerosols and water vapor

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9
Q

Which of the following lists is composed only of greenhouse gases?

a. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide
b. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, oxygen and nitrous oxide
c. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrogen and nitrous oxide
d. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and oxygen
e. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and nitrogen

A

a. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide

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10
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

a. Nitrogen

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11
Q

___ are tiny suspended liquid or solid particles.

A

b. Aerosols

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12
Q

In which layer of the atmosphere is most harmful ozone (03) absorbed?

A

c. Stratosphere (red wiggly line)

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13
Q

All of the are three kinds of oxygen in our atmosphere, except:

A

d. 04

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14
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the tropopause?

A

A. This is the coldest region of the atmosphere below 50 km altitude

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15
Q

Which of the following states about the stratosphere is false?

A

d. In the stratosphere, temperature decreases with height

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16
Q

In which atmospheric layer do auroras occur?

A

b. Thermosphere

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17
Q

The warmest layer in the atmosphere is:

A

b. Thermosphere

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18
Q

If a parcel of air raises adiabatically in the atmosphere according to the dry adiabatic lapse rate, then the relative humidity will increase.

A

A. True

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19
Q

When the number of molecules that evaporate equals the number that condense, the vapor is __, this is the dew point temperature.

A

b. Saturated

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20
Q

As air temperature increases, with no addition of water vapor to the air, the relative humidity will:

A

c. Decrease

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21
Q

The process when air is forced upward because of terrain is called ___ lifting.

A

b. Orographic

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22
Q

In which U.S. state would you expect convergence lifting?

A

d. Florida

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23
Q

___ are high clouds that are composed of ice crystals.

A

d. Cirrus

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24
Q

Which of the following is a cloud on the ground?

A

b. Fog

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25
___ are associated with thunderstorms.
a. Cumulonimbus
26
Which of the following is not a stratospheric cloud?
b. Cirrus clouds
27
Where did most of Earth's surface water originate?
c. Outgassing of volcanoes
28
The northern hemisphere has ____ water and ___ land masses than the southern hemisphere.
d. fewer; more
29
Satellites measure ocean depths and allowing us to gain insights of what ocean sea floor looks like:
b. By emitting radar pulses that measure sea surface heights
30
What is the thermocline?
a. A layer of ocean water that has a major temperature shift from the layer of water above
31
Why is the ocean not getting saltier?
c. A & B are correct
32
The ocean differs from land in the amount of heat it can store, for a given amount of heat, water has a lower rise in temperature than land. We say, the ocean (water) has high:
c. heat capacity
33
In which "zone" does most of the seawater subside?
d. Deep zone
34
Plankton is subdivided into:
c. Nectoplankton
35
Photosynthesis is restricted to the:
b. Euphotic zone
36
Most of the ocean is in the:
c. Aphotic zone
37
Earth's atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged.
a. True
38
What is responsible for the Coriolis Effect?
c. Earth's rotation
39
The Coriolis effect Deflects moving objects to the left in the southern hemisphere.
a. True
40
Surface currents are driven mainly by ___.
e. wind friction
41
Where is the Coriolis force the strongest?
b. At the poles
42
In the North Pacific, gyre currents flow in a ___ direction.
a. clockwise
43
A transverse current is:
b. A surface current that connects eastern-boundary and western-boundary currents
44
Generally, the fastest and deepest ocean currents are:
c. Western boundary currents
45
Which of the following about Ekman transport is FALSE:
d. Ekman transport is not influenced by the Coriolis force
46
Gyres tend to collect seaweed and trash as their centers.
a. True
47
What are the forces that cause the ocean to circulate?
d. All of these
48
What water mass is the densest in the world ocean?
e. Antarctic Bottom Water
49
How does Antarctic Bottom Water form?
c. Brine formation during the southern hemisphere winter
50
Deep water forms in present times in the polar regions.
a. True
51
Deep ocean currents are driven by differences in the water's density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This process is known as thermohaline circulation.
a. True
52
Thermohaline circulation is much faster than surface circulation.
b. False
53
What is fetch?
e. The uninterrupted distance over which wind blows without a change in direction
54
What characteristic of a tsunami allows it to pass unnoticed beneath ships at sea?
e. Lack of steepness
55
What geologic areas are most likely to experience tsunamis?
c. Areas of subduction zones
56
What happens to the tides if the Earth, Moon, and Sun are all in a line?
b. Highest high tides
57
Why does the moon have more of an impact on tides than the sun?
b. The moon is closer to Earth
58
What type of tidal pattern exists on the east coast of the united states. which experiences two high tides and two low tides of similar heights every day?
e. Semidiurnal
59
Tides can have a wavelength equal to half of Earth's circumference.
a. True
60
Spring tides are seasonal tidal events.
b. False
61
Coastal erosion can be devastating to communities and ecosystems along the coastline. There are a number of ways to prevent--or at least slow down--this erosion. Which of the following is not one of those ways?
c. Medium stabilization
62
What is the generally order of events for the evolution of an island to an atoll?
d. Rapid extrusion of lava; subsidence (fringing reef becomes barrier reef); continued subsidence and upward reef growth.
63
Coasts refer to an entire area that is affected by biological processes in addition to tectonic activity.
a. true
64
Seawalls protect property and decrease beach erosion.
b. false
65
Fringing reefs are separated from land by a lagoon.
b. false
66
What is a fjord?
b. a deep, narrow bay modified by glaciers
67
Where are deltas common?
d. Near broad continental shelves
68
Barrier islands are ___.
b. parallel but separate from land
69
Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?
d. Atoll

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