Exam 3 Innate Immune Response

Question 0

pathogen

Answer 0

a specific causative agent of disease

Question 1

Function of the immune system

Answer 1

to guard against pathogens.

Question 2

Two types of immune systems

Answer 2

innate and adaptive

Question 3

recognition

Answer 3

pathogens are non-self; body cells are self

Question 4

5 components of innate responses

Answer 4

fever, toll-like receptors (TLRs), phagocytes, complement proteins, interferon proteins.

Question 5

fever

Answer 5

elevated body temperature, detected by the hypothalamus

Question 6

blood

Answer 6

55% plasma/45% cells, RBCs are erythrocytes have no nucleus, WBCs have nucleus leukocytes.

Question 7

Granulocytes

Answer 7

WBC with abundant intracellular granules are an intracellular organelle include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.

Question 8

agranulocytes

Answer 8

WBC lacking prominent intracellular granules, includes monocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 9

Cytokines

Answer 9

protein messengers secreted by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes; bind and activate PM receptors on cells; function with autocrine and paracrine factors.

Question 10

TLRs

Answer 10

present in the PM of immune system cells, humans have 10 TLRs, each TLR recognizes a different PAMP,

Question 11

PAMP

Answer 11

pathogen associated molecular pattern, characteristic of molecules found in pathogens, are recognized by TLRs.

Question 12

when are cytokines secreted by WBC

Answer 12

when PAMP binds to a TLR and this triggers both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Question 13

Mobile Phagocytes

Answer 13

neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, microglia, alveolar macrophages.

Question 14

fixed phagocytes

Answer 14

kuppfer cells, phagocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes.

Question 15

macrophages non immune function

Answer 15

clear cellular debris from tissues, eat cells that are/have committed suicide, can detect the presence of phosphatidylserine.

Question 16

macrophage immune function

Answer 16

recognize PAMPs, secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, attract WBC to site of infection

Question 17

Chemotaxis

Answer 17

cells locomote towards the source of a chemical that is being secreted by some other cell.

Question 18

Chemokine

Answer 18

a cytokine that triggers chemotaxis

Question 19

lymphokines

Answer 19

cytokines secreted by helper t-lymphocytes

Question 20

interleukins

Answer 20

cytokines whose amino acid sequences are known

Question 21

C1

Answer 21

involved in recognition

Question 22

C2, C3, C4

Answer 22

are involved in activation

Question 23

C5-C9

Answer 23

involved in attacking.

Question 24

compliment proteins

Answer 24

present in blood plasma, activated when antigens bind to antibodies, promote phagocytosis, promote killing TC, help innate and adaptive immunities.

Question 25

antigen

Answer 25

any molecule that triggers the production of antibody proteins

Question 26

antibodies

Answer 26

proteins produced by immune system cells in response to antigens

Question 27

interferons

Answer 27

provide short term protection from viral infection, alpha, beta, gamma, act as paracrine factors