Exam 3 - Invasive Species Flashcards
(22 cards)
Invasive Species Terminology:
Cryptogenic
Species whose status cannot be readily determined
Invasive Species Terminology:
Indigenous and Native
Describes species that evolved in a region
Invasive Species Terminology:
Introduced (nonindigenous)
A species that has been released outside its native range
Invasive Species Terminology:
Introduction
The release of escape of a nonnative species
Invasive Species Terminology:
Invasion
The establishment and speed of an introduced species
Invasive Species Terminology:
Reintroduced
Intentionally released individuals of a native species that was locally endangered or extinct
Define: Invasive exotic species
A species that is non-native/non-indigenous/introduced and whose population is spreading in non-native region
Globally, 20% of all vertebrates are threatened by _______ ______.
Invasive species
About 88% of invasive species in North America come from ______.
Eurasia (6,600 species introduced to US since European discovery)
What four regions of the US tend to be more vulnerable to invasion by exotic species and why?Au
Hawaii, California, and Florida
-climate advantage for subtropical and tropical species
Great Lakes
What two countries were emphasized in class to be particularly vulnerable to invasive species?
Australia and New Zealand
They both evolved in relatively isolated conditions resulting in more vulnerability to invasive species.
Why are islands relatively more vulnerable to invasive species?
- More open niches with reduced competition
- Large herbivores and carnivores seldom occur
- Native species are susceptible to diseases brought by invaders
The introduction of ___, ____, and ____ devastated populations of ecologically naive small marsupials of Australia.
red foxes, house cats, and cane toads
Population and Community Impacts:
brown tree snake
- drove bird populations to little or none
- fast turnover
Population and Community Impacts:
Nile perch
-Introduction of nile perch into African Rift Lakes led to the extinction of numerous species
Population and Community Impacts:
Asian Carp
- plankton and algae feeders
- large with no natural predators in the Great Lakes
- Cause 7 billion in damage/year in the great lakes
- competitor and predator
Population and Community Impacts:
Zebra mussles
- invasive species that established first in Lake Erie
- killed almost all native mussel
- an introduced competitor
Population and Community Impacts:
Common invasive plant species of the bluegrass region
- multiflora rose
- bush honeysuckle
- japanese honeysuckle
- winter creeper
- dandelions
all prolific seed producers and competitive
Population and Community Impacts:
Kudzu
- “vine that ate the south”
- smothers everything- extensive root system
Morphological and Behavioral Impacts
- can impact behavior like pollination or prey switching
- ex. cane toad are super toxic, larger snakes that eat them can spread the toxin more so than smaller snakes, larger snakes were selected for - this changed the snakes morphology
Genetic impacts of invasive species
Genetic swamping
- example: mallard ducks, spread of these ducks by humans led to genetic swamping of the species
Ecosystem and economic impacts
- American Elm: Dutch elm disease
- American Chestnut: Long Island fungus
- Ash (Fraxinus gene): Emerald Ash borer - has no major predator in US, attacks all ash species
- Invasive snakes (constrictors) in S. Florida
