EXAM 3 (Landslides/mass movement)

Question 1

Define mass movements:

Answer 1

the downslope motion of rock, regolith, snow and ice

Question 2

Define soil creep:

Answer 2

the slow downhill movement of regolith due to seasonal expansion and contraction of regolith

Question 3

Define solifluction:

Answer 3

The slow downhill movement of tundra.

Question 4

Define slumping:

Answer 4

mass movements by sliding of regolith as coherent blocks

Question 5

Define mudflows:

Answer 5

Mudflows are a slurry water and fine sediment

Question 6

Define lahars:

Answer 6

Special volcanic mud or debris flow

Question 7

Define debris flows:

Answer 7

A mudflow with many larger rocks

Question 8

Define rock slides:

Answer 8

Sudden movement downslope - only containing rock

Question 9

Why do mass movements occur?

Answer 9

due to gravity, the primary force pulling materials downhill

Question 10

How do water and vegetation affect hillslopes?

Answer 10

Water reduces slope strength by adding weight; removing vegetation slows removal of water and destroys root stapling

Question 11

What can trigger mass movement?

Answer 11

Shocks, vibrations, liquefaction, changes in slope loads, steepness, support, slope strength

Question 12

6 techniques that prevent mass movement:

Answer 12

Revegetation, regarding, drainage, reducing undercutting, engineering structures