Exam 3: Lecture 20 - Small Animal Arthroscopy

Question 1

When was arthroscopy used in humans

Answer 1

early 1900s

Question 2

when was arthroscopy routinely used

Answer 2

1970s

Question 3

when did vets start using arthroscopy

Answer 3

1970s

Question 4

when was arthroscopy widely used in vet med

Answer 4

1990s

Question 5

what are 3 uses of arthroscopy

Answer 5

1. diagnosis of joint conditions (sometimes directly visualizing is key)
2. treatment of joint conditions involving cartilage and ligaments
3. clinical research tool to assess treatment results

Question 6

why is being minimally invasive an advantage of arthroscopy

Answer 6

1. less tissue damage
2. less painful
3. faster recover
4. treat multiple joints together
5. faster overall procedure (but not always)

Question 7

how can we visualize the joint better using arthroscopy

Answer 7

because we use a light source and magnification

Question 8

what are 3 disadvantages of arthroscopy

Answer 8

1. cost of equipment
2. delicacy of equipment
3. difficult to learn techniques

Question 9

what are the names of these 2 things used for arthroscopy

Answer 9

stryker tower and fluid cart

Question 10

what are these hoes

Answer 10

instruments used for arthroscopy

Question 11

what is dis

Answer 11

scopes, camera, light cables

Question 12

what are some reported complications of arthroscopy

Answer 12

1. extravasation of fluid but usually resolves in 24 hours
2. iatrogenic peripheral nerve injury if the portals are placed improperly

Question 13

what is the name of this technique

Answer 13

triangulation technique

Question 14

what is number 1

Answer 14

outflow portal

Question 15

what is number 2

Answer 15

scope portal

Question 16

what is this image showing

Answer 16

outflow and scope in the actual portals

Question 17

what is the additional portal called in this picture

Answer 17

the treatment portal

Question 18

what are the characteristics of the 30-degree wide-angle arthroscope

Answer 18

1. covers 90-degree sector directly opposite the light source
2. minimum movement of arthroscope
3. movement of joint
4. inspect entire joint

Question 19

what are the 5 shoulder conditions we can see on arthroscopy

Answer 19

1. OCD
2. bicipital tenosynovitis
3. shoulder instabilities/tendon strains
4. Glenoid avulsion fracture or incomplete fusion
5. septic arthritis

Question 20

what is shown in this shoulder arthroscopy (this may be a useless card)

Answer 20

normal biceps tendon and medial genohumeral ligament

Question 21

We have a case of Becky, an 8 month FS golden. She has shifting forelimb lame since 3 months of age and has painful bilateral shoulders. These are her rads. What is something we should do?

Answer 21

arthroscopy of the shoulder!

Question 22

what is being shown in the picture

Answer 22

removing the flap via arthroscopy

Question 23

what is shown in this picture

Answer 23

the lesion is debrided

Question 24

what should the activity restriction be for becky who had the shoulder arthroscopy

Answer 24

restricted activity 6 weeks and slow increase activity in 4 weeks

Question 25

what is the prognosis for becky who had the shoulder arthroscopy

Answer 25

very good to excellent with surgery

Question 26

Lexi is a 5 yo old FS australian shep mix. She is right forelimb lame for 6 months, painful shoulder over biceps tendon area and ultrasound shows biceps brachii tendon abnormalities. What should we do?

Answer 26

scope the shoulder!!

Question 27

This is lexi and her shoulder scope. what is shown?

Answer 27

biceps tendon

Question 28

This is lexi's shoulder. what changed?

Answer 28

biceps tendon is transected

Question 29

what are 3 elbow conditions we can use arthroscopy for

Answer 29

1. OCD 2. FMCP - fragmented medial coronoid process 3. UAP - ununited anconeal process

Question 30

This is an elbow arthroscopy. What is being shown?

Answer 30

FMCP with elbow incongruency

Question 31

what is being shown on this elbow arthroscopy

Answer 31

FMCP fragments being removed and debrided

Question 32

what are some elbow dysplasia facts from Dr. Gilley himself

Answer 32

1. sx is NOT a cure 2. etiology is unknown but there is asynchronous growth 3. possible inheritance from parents 4. clinical outcome depends on treatment type

Question 33

what does the clinical outcome of elbow dysplasia depend on

Answer 33

medical treatment or surgical treatment and age when treated

Question 34

what are the 3 stifle conditions we use arthroscopy for

Answer 34

1. cranial cruciate tear diagnosis and debridement 2. medial meniscal exam and removal 3. OCD

Question 35

This is an arthroscopy of the meniscus. what is shown

Answer 35

meniscal tear

Question 36

what are 3 tarsal conditions we can use arthroscopy for

Answer 36

1. OCD 2. joint instability diagnosis 3. malleolar or intra-articular fracture assisted repairs

Question 37

what can we use hip arthroscopy for

Answer 37

evaluate OA prior to sx

Question 38

what can we use carpal arthroscopy for

Answer 38

1. eval ligament damage 2. bone chip removal

Question 39

what is the post op care for arthroscopy

Answer 39

1. modified robert jones bandage overnight 2. pain meds!! 3. restricted activity for 6 weeks 4. removal 3 small sutures in 10-14 days

Question 40

what are the 5 conclusions of arthroscopy Dr. Gilley mentioned

Answer 40

1. excellent diagnostic tool 2. excellent surgical tool 3. minimally invasive 4. low morbidity 5. faster patient recovery