Exam 3: Lecture 9 - Wildlife Conservation and One Health

Question 1

Why do ecosystems do?

Answer 1

Functions through a complex web of interactions between organisms and the enviornment where energy flows through food chains and nutrients are recycled

Question 2

T/F: Human benefit from the service ecosystems provide?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

What is the following an example of?

Vultures are considered natures sanitation service because of the important role they play in removing dead animals that contain bacteria and pathogens from our enviornment - without them, disease can spread

Answer 3

Role that wildlife plays in the ecosystem

Question 4

Researchers compared human death rates (___%) in indian districts that once thrived with vultures to those with historically low vulture populations. they also examined rabies vaccines sales, feral dog counts and pathogen levels in the water supply

Answer 4

+4%

Question 5

“Understanding the role _____ play in human health underscore the importance of protecting wildlife, and not just the cute and cuddly. they all have a job to do in our ecosystem that impacts our lives”

Answer 5

vultures

Question 6

How do veternarians help wild life and ensure environmental health?

Answer 6

• Wild life conservation
• Disease surveillance

Question 7

What is defined as:

• veternarians work in field research and conservation programs, conducting health assessments of wild populations

Answer 7

wildlife conservation

Question 8

What is defined as:

• Detection and response to wildlife disease outbreaks, working with organizations like the national wildlife health center and USDA wildlife services

Answer 8

Disease surveillance

Question 9

What is defined as:

• Oral rabies vaccine baits are deployed in fox and racoon population to reduce human and domestic animal rabies cases

Answer 9

Disease surveillance

Question 10

What is the job of a free ranging wildlife veterinarian

Answer 10

provide technical expertise to the agency, to conserve and manage fish and wildlife populations, and help recover endangered species

Question 11

T/F: In a way, wildlife veterinarians can be the lest important link between public perceptions of wildlife and economic and health interests of people and their animals?

Answer 11

False!! they are most important

Question 12

What is conservation?

Answer 12

The responsible management and sustainable use of natural resources to ensure their long term availability while maintaining environmental health and ecosystem balance

Question 13

What is defined as:

• habitation restoration
• Wildlife population management
• Sustainable hunting or fishing practices

Answer 13

conservation

Question 14

Wild life ______ can be the most important link between public perceptions of wildlife, economics, and health interest of people and their animals

Answer 14

Veterinarians

Question 15

T/F: Wildlife conservation emerged as a social and political movement in the United States and Canada during the 19th century

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The movement of wildlife conservation was led by _____ who decried the devestation losses of wildlife caused by “market hunters” - those who profit from hunting

Answer 16

sport hunters

Question 17

What is defined as:

• the government holds wildlife in trust for the benefit of all people

Answer 17

Wildlife is public property

Question 18

What is defined as:

• The principle that eliminates trafficking in game animals

Answer 18

wildlife cannot be slaughtered for commercial use

Question 19

What is defined as:

• Every citizen in good standing - regardless of wealth, social standing, or land ownership - is allowed to participate in the harvest of fish and wildlife within guidelines set by state and federal governments

Answer 19

Wildlife is allocated by law

Question 20

What is defined as:

• in the spirit of fair chase and with good cause. animals can be killed only for legitimate purposes - for food and fur, in self-defense, or for protection of property

Answer 20

Wildlife shall be taken by legal and ethical means

Question 21

What is defined as:

• Hunting and fishing shall be managed cooperatively across state, provinical, and national boundries

Answer 21

Wildlife is an international resource

Question 22

T/F: Wildlife management, use, and conservation shall be based on sound scietific knowledge and principles

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is defined as:

• This gives all persons - wealthy and poor, landowner and non-landowner alike - the oppertunity to particpate

Answer 23

Hunting, fishing, and trapping shall be dramatic

Question 24

Are conservation and preservation the same thing?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

______ is different, with the goal of protecting nature from human use and interference, aiming to keep ecosystems intact in their natural state

Answer 25

Preservation

Question 26

habitat protection, minimal human activity, and sustainable hunting and fishing are examples of ?

Answer 26

Preservation

Question 27

What national park was one of the first well known preservation efforts where wildlife such as bison and wolves are protecting from hunting, human development and habitat modification

Answer 27

Yellowstone national park

Question 28

Define Exploitation

Answer 28

unsustainable use or overuse of natural resouces, often leading to habitat destruction, population declines, and ecosystem imbalances

Question 29

Overhunting/fishing, deforestation, illegal wildlife trade and global trade/invasive species movements are all examples of ?

Answer 29

Exploitation

Question 30

Coal mine reclamation using resistant _____ to improve habitat on mountain tops

Answer 30

Chestnut - Culturally and ecologically important species in eastern US - enhances wildlife populations - Reclaim soil quality

Question 31

Invasive species (______ ______) introduced and decimated chestnut; changed forest in forage and habitat metrics

Answer 31

blight fungus

Question 32

What bill was enacted in response to declining populations of animals and plants

Answer 32

Endangered species act - ESA (1973)

Question 33

ESA was designed to protect and recover species at risk of _____ and to promote the ______ of ecosystems and habitats necessary for the survival for the survival of those species

Answer 33

extinction conversation

Question 34

In theory, each species is a part of the web of life with a unique role, cultural and biological, in their communities, performing services that are essential to our combined well being. By conserving them, guided by the best available science, we help protect ......?

Answer 34

health air, land and water for everyone

Question 35

What is defined as: - the destruction and modification of habitat, pollution, and hunting a few of the factors that explain population declines

Answer 35

Endangered species act - 1973

Question 36

What is defined as: - "Wild ones" explores the environment and cultural history of popular culture and wild animals in america

Answer 36

Charismatic megafauna

Question 37

The interest of wildlife professionals and the public in the economics, safety, and health impacts of human-wildlife interactions has grown as more people have become aware of and experienced negative consequences of wildlife presence, which includes???

Answer 37

- damage to property by habituated wildlife in human-dominated landscapes - Threats to pets and livestock - Emerging infectious disease (EID) - wildlife - associated zoonoses

Question 38

List some examples of Trends in wild-life associated zoonoses that play into the One Health context of Wildlife Conservation

Answer 38

- Lyme disease - West Nile virus encephalitis - Chronic Wasting Disease - Zoonotic avian influenza

Question 39

What is the conflict with one health context of wildlife conservation

Answer 39

wildlife conservation and public health perception

Question 40

As human population grown = ______ shrinks

Answer 40

natural habitats

Question 41

What should we think and reflect on when it comes to one health and wildlife conservation

Answer 41

Does the fear of wildlife disease exceed human support for the benefits provided by wildlife presence

Question 42

Although emerging diseases or humans and domestic animals are assumed to be maintained in wildlife, reservoirs or reserivors host are ____ ______

Answer 42

rarely identified

Question 43

How are emergent infectious diseased managed?

Answer 43

through large scale actions directed towards suspected resivors of infection - sometimes these actions stem from perceived notions of resevoir hosts and where infectious agents reside may not be measured directly

Question 44

Characteristics of reservoirs include?

Answer 44

- that infectious in reservoir hosts are nonpathogenic - Any natural host is a reservoir host - the Reservoirmust be different species - Reservoirs are economically unimportant hosts - Reservoirs may be primary or secondary hosts

Question 45

We have ____ understanding or the epidemology of multi-host pathogens

Answer 45

limited

Question 46

____ must be defined with reference to particular target populations. Disapperance of this pathogen in the target population after intervention (EX: fencing) provides categorical evidence of the existence of a reservoir and its possible identity

Answer 46

Reservoirs

Question 47

Understading reservoir infection dynamic is ______

Answer 47

essential

Question 48

What type of studies have been required to determine wheather a particular species is a resivor host, a source of infection, or one that has been infected incidentally

Answer 48

intervention studies

Question 49

control measures of reservoir host are likely to be _____ if they are directed at componets of the reservoir that are neither hosts nor transmitters of the pathogens to the target populations

Answer 49

ineffective

Question 50

Explain how working with threatened and endangered species impacts the overally health of the world ecosystems

Answer 50

ecosystems good and services, tourism

Question 51

How can wildlife conservation goals conflict public perception

Answer 51

- perceived risks of EIDS can swamp out conservation of wildlife habitat - Human and animal health and economics