exam 3 lecture quiz questions

Question 1

Which hormones affects the kidney’s function?

Answer 1

parathyroid hormone
aldosterone
ADH

Question 2

what mammal species holds the record for saltiest urine

Answer 2

dik dak

Question 3

true or false: the kidneys have two systems of capillaries connected to one another by an arteriole

Answer 3

true

Question 4

The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary gland function through secretion of hormones including:

Answer 4

thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 5

what hormone increases direct water absorption by the kidneys and is not achieved through osmosis

Answer 5

ADH

Question 6

what hormone activates the circadian rhythms

Answer 6

melatonin

Question 7

what hormone increases metabolism

Answer 7

T3

Question 8

what organ secretes the hormone that decreases glycemia

Answer 8

beta cells of the pancreas

Question 9

what hormone stimulates the secretion of T4

Answer 9

TSH

Question 10

what organ secretes the hormone that decreases calcemia

Answer 10

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Question 11

what endocrine organs are found in the brain

Answer 11

pituitary gland
hypothalamus gland
pineal gland

Question 12

what endocrine organs are found in the neck

Answer 12

thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
(thymus in some species)

Question 13

what endocrine organs are found in the abdominal cavity

Answer 13

pancreas

Question 14

what endocrine organs in the thoracic cavity

Answer 14

thymus (neck in some species)

Question 15

what endocrine organs are found in the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal space

Answer 15

adrenal glands
kidneys

Question 16

what part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses sodium levels in the urine

Answer 16

macula densa (A in diagram)
They sense low sodium levels in the urine of the DCT and secrets prostaglandin in response. This prostaglandins trigger the release of renin. How does low sodium levels equate low blood pressure? That’s because filtration at the renal corpuscle level is directly related to the blood pressure inside the glomeruli. Low blood pressure=> low filtration => low solutes (like Na+) in the filtrate/urine.

Question 17

what part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses synthesizes and releases renin

Answer 17

extra glomerular cells (B in diagram)
(aka granular cells)

Question 18

what is the name of the hormone that stimulates milk ejection from the mammary gland

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

what is the name of the hormone that stimulates the secretion of testosterone in males

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

what is the name of the hormone that increases erythropoiesis

Answer 20

erythropoietin

Question 21

what is the name of the organ that secretes the hormone that stimulates reproductive functions

Answer 21

anterior pituitary gland

Question 22

dog or cat digital pads:
smooth dermal and epidermal papillae

Answer 22

cat

Question 23

dog or cat digital pads:
thick claw-like papillae

Answer 23

dog

Question 24

dog or cat digital pads:
descend from a desert dwelling and nocturnal species

Answer 24

cat

Question 25

dog or cat digital pads: descendent of a species living in snow bound northern countries

Answer 25

dog

Question 26

dog or cat digital pads: have a countercurrent heat exchanger in the dermis of their pads

Answer 26

dog

Question 27

eccrine sweat gland

Answer 27

clump of squiggle-shaped tubes in epidermis (D on diagram) these glands secrete aqueous sweat and is only found in glabrous (hairless) skin

Question 28

what are the three types of pads

Answer 28

carpal pad (A) metacarpal pad (B) digital pad (D)

Question 29

horns:

Answer 29

are never shed found in bovids and relatives do not branch made of a core of bone covered in skin that has been generously keratinized

Question 30

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 30

small cluster next to hair follicle on right side (C in diagram) they secrete an oily substance that lubricates both hair and glabrous skin it is the main sweat gland of horses that allows them to cool down in hot weather

Question 31

the skin:

Answer 31

made of up 3 layers: epidermis (G), dermis (H), and hypodermis (I)

Question 32

where is white adipose tissue normally found

Answer 32

hypodermis

Question 33

sebaceous glands

Answer 33

small cluster on left side of hair follicle (B on diagram) they secrete an oily substance that waterproofs the skin

Question 34

antlers:

Answer 34

are shed every year found in members of the cervidae family made mostly of bone have a branches aspect

Question 35

where are melanocytes found

Answer 35

border between dermis and epidermis

Question 36

name of melanocyte packaged pigments

Answer 36

melanosomes

Question 37

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Answer 37

releasing hormones from the hypothalamus travel through this specialized blood vessel system which connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland

Question 38

what hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland when stimulated and synthesized by the releasing hormones coming from the hypothalamus

Answer 38

luteinizing hormone (LH) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) growth hormone (GH) adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

Question 39

thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer 39

produced by: hypothalamus acts on: pituitary gland

Question 40

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 40

produced by: pituitary gland acts on: thyroid gland

Question 41

adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

Answer 41

produced by: pituitary gland acts on: adrenal glands

Question 42

cortisol

Answer 42

produced by: adrenal glands acts on: thymus & immune system

Question 43

testosterone

Answer 43

produced by: leydig cells of tesis acts on: seminal vesicles and prostate

Question 44

LH

Answer 44

produced by: pituitary gland acts on: testis

Question 45

true or false: ACTH and Cortisol were the only two hormones used in this study known to be immunosuppressive and may both explain the decreased thymus. However, of these two hormones, only ACTH can explain the increased size of the adrenal glands

Answer 45

true

Question 46

what somatosensory cell is sensitive to fine touch

Answer 46

free nerve endings

Question 47

genetic disease that causes patients to not feel pain

Answer 47

CIPA syndrome

Question 48

rods (eye)

Answer 48

most sensitive to light sensitive to a whole visible light spectrum

Question 49

Which features of the eye is in charge of accommodation?

Answer 49

lens & ciliary muscles

Question 50

what is accommodation (eye)

Answer 50

allows the imaged perceived by the eye to focus on the retina

Question 51

olfactory neuron dendrites function

Answer 51

carry olfactory receptors

Question 52

tuft neurons function

Answer 52

synapse with the olfactory neuron dendrites

Question 53

bowman's gland function

Answer 53

secretes mucus of the nasal cavity

Question 54

supporting epithelium

Answer 54

surrounds and nurtures the olfactory neuron

Question 55

what other organs have mechanoreceptors (detect light, touch, pressure)

Answer 55

skin, tends, & aortic arch

Question 56

what part of the eye is sensitive to light

Answer 56

retina

Question 57

what somatosensory cells are sensitive to deep pressure

Answer 57

pacinian corpuscules ruffini endings

Question 58

what is another word for tympanic membrane

Answer 58

ear drum

Question 59

what part of the brain does visual processing take place

Answer 59

occipital lobe (D)

Question 60

what part of the brain does sensory input processing take place

Answer 60

parietal lobe (B)

Question 61

what part of the brain does executive skills and motor skills take place

Answer 61

frontal lobe (A)

Question 62

what part of the brain does auditory input processing take place

Answer 62

temporal lobe (C)

Question 63

Multiple sclerosis (MS), is an autoimmune disease. People suffering from this progressively loose their motor function starting from extremities (limbs). What cells are typically attacked in the early onset of the disease?

Answer 63

Schawnn cells

Question 64

what is the only type of glial cell found in the PNS

Answer 64

Schawnn cells

Question 65

true or false: Glial cells such as Schwann cells increase the speed of propagation of the action potential along neurons

Answer 65

true

Question 66

what is the PNS further divided into

Answer 66

sympathetic nervous system and enteric nervous system

Question 67

what is the enteric nervous system responsible for

Answer 67

digestive tract peristalis and does not need input from the brain to function (automatic)

Question 68

parasympathetic vs sympathetic

Answer 68

sympathetic - will increase the bodies readiness for flight or fight parasympathetic - stimulates digestion

Question 69

true or false: Bilirubin crystals are occasionally observed in urine of healthy DOGS, but always represent abnormal findings when present in CAT urine.

Answer 69

true

Question 70

true or false: “Up to 5 white blood cells (WBCs) per high powered field (HPF) may be present in a urine sample collected from a healthy animal. Hematuria, or the presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in urine is also considered normal.”

Answer 70

false While it is normal to see up to 5 WBC per HPF in healthy animals, hematuria is always abnormal and often indicative of damage in the urinary tract (with the exception of females in estrous).

Question 71

true or false: “The presence of any hyaline casts at all in a urine sample is abnormal and indicative of kidney disease."

Answer 71

false Hyaline casts present in less than 2 per LPF hyaline and > 1 per LPF granu-lar casts may be found in urine from healthy animals.1,3 Increased numbers of casts in the urine (cylinduria) localizes a disease process to the kidneys.

Question 72

true or false: "While calcium oxalate is observed in urine collected from healthy animals or animals with calcium oxalate uroliths, these crystals may also be indicative of hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria from ethylene glycol or oxalate rich plant ingestion.”

Answer 72

true

Question 73

true or false: In healthy male dogs, especially with concentrated urine, bilirubinuria isn't always a cause for concern and can be normal

Answer 73

true

Question 74

true or false: The presence of oil droplets, turbidity and proteinuria in urine collected from a male dog can be attributed to a substance produced by the penis called smegma

Answer 74

true

Question 75

true or false: “Shedding of renal tubule squamous epithelial cells in the urine may be indicative of renal tubule damage, but it’s difficult to distinguish these cells from WBC and other translational epithelial cells. If there appears to be elevated levels of squamous epithelial cells in a urine sample, an air-dried cytology preparation should be used to distinguish these cells from WBC and translational epithelial cells to make a diagnosis.”

Answer 75

true