EXAM #3 (LECTURES 13, 14, 15) Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define:
Atelectasis –
Atelectasis – when something causes the lung tissue to collapse on itself
Define:
Resorption atelectasis –
Resorption atelectasis – due to something (usually mucous plugging) obstructing the airway, passage of air into the distal segments of the lungs
Define:
Compression atelectasis –
Compression atelectasis – some force/pressure from outside the lungs compressing and pushing on the lungs
Define:
Contraction atelectasis –
Contraction atelectasis – lungs already severely damaged, so much damage and scar tissue built up, it’s an internal collapse of lung tissue, no longer capable of facilitating air
What are the 4 diseases of COPD?
a.
b.
c.
d.
What are the 4 diseases of COPD?
a. Chronic Bronchitis
b. Emphysema
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Asthma
Define:
COPD
COPD — result of dyspnea, difficulty of breathing
Define:
ARDS
ARDS — Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (lung injury)
Additional risks of asbestos exposure
a. Localized benign pleural _____ – most common problem of exposure
b. _____ carcinomas – lung cancer, smoked and worked with asbestos = increased risk
c. _____- malignant tumor of pleura due to asbestos exposure, it grows and adheres to surface of the lung and thickens lung
d. _____ carcinomas
Additional risks of asbestos exposure
a. Localized benign pleural plaques – most common problem of exposure
b. Bronchogenic carcinomas – lung cancer, smoked and worked with asbestos = increased risk
c. Mesotheliomas- malignant tumor of pleura due to asbestos exposure, it grows and adheres to surface of the lung and thickens lung
d. Laryngeal carcinomas
- Lobar versus Bronchopneumonia
a. Lobar –
b. Bronchopneumonia –
- Lobar versus Bronchopneumonia
a. Lobar – pneumonia pattern affects entire lobe of lung (more severe pneumonia)
b. Bronchopneumonia – foci (dots of pneumonia) of inflammatory consolidation throughout lung
Define:
Pneumoconiosis –
Pneumoconiosis – outside toxin is breathed into the lungs and causes damage to the lung initiates an inflammatory response which leads to fibrosis (scarring) of tissue
Define:
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis — Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Define:
Bronchogenic carcinomas –
Bronchogenic carcinomas – lung cancer, smoked and worked with asbestos = increased risk
Define:
Pneumothorax —
Pneumothorax — air in pleural sac
Define:
Pleural Effusion — Fluid in the pleural cavity around the lungs
Pleural Effusion — Fluid in the pleural cavity around the lungs
Define:
Hemothorax — Ruptured intrathoracic aortic aneurysm
Hemothorax — Ruptured intrathoracic aortic aneurysm
Define:
Chylothorax — Pleura sac filled with lymphatic fluid
Chylothorax — Pleura sac filled with lymphatic fluid
Define:
Leukoplakia — White, fixed patches on oral mucosa
Leukoplakia — White, fixed patches on oral mucosa
2 Most common tumors of the Salivary Glands
1.
2.
2 Most common tumors of the Salivary Glands
- Pleomorphic adenoma
- Wharthin tumor
Define:
Barretts Esophagus
“Replacement of the normal distal stratified squamous mucosa by metaplastic columnar epithelium containing goblet cells”
Define:
Barretts Esophagus
“Replacement of the normal distal stratified squamous mucosa by metaplastic columnar epithelium containing goblet cells”
2 types of Esophageal Carcinoma
- Squamous cell
- Adenocarcinoma
2 types of Esophageal Carcinoma
- Squamous cell
- Adenocarcinoma
Acute versus Chronic Gastritis
Acute Gastritis:
Usually transient
Heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol, heavy smoking, drugs, stress, infections
Chronic Gastritis:
More common disease
Leads eventually to metaplasia and mucosal atrophy
Acute versus Chronic Gastritis
Acute Gastritis:
Usually transient
Heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol, heavy smoking, drugs, stress, infections
Chronic Gastritis:
More common disease
Leads eventually to metaplasia and mucosal atrophy
Gastric versus Peptic Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Acute gastric ulcerations – usually stress ulcers
Seen with severe trauma/critical illnesses, chronic exposure to irritants, extensive burns (Curlings ulcers)
Peptic Ulcers
Chronic, usually solitary
Found in regions of heavy gastric acid exposure
4:1 – first portion of duodenum to stomach
Causes: H. pylori and the mucosal exposure to acid
Gastric versus Peptic Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Acute gastric ulcerations – usually stress ulcers
Seen with severe trauma/critical illnesses, chronic exposure to irritants, extensive burns (Curlings ulcers)
Peptic Ulcers
Chronic, usually solitary
Found in regions of heavy gastric acid exposure
4:1 – first portion of duodenum to stomach
Causes: H. pylori and the mucosal exposure to acid
