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Theories of Personality > Exam 3 material > Flashcards

Exam 3 material Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Assumptions of the cognitive social leraning perspective

A

Agrees with behaviorists

behavior is situation specific

personality is formed through interactions with enviroment

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2
Q

Define the Consistency Paradox

A

We use traits to describe people when in reality traits are inconsistent and very with situations

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3
Q

What are the two levels of consistency

A
  1. ) Cross situational consistency
    * refers to consis. across structure and time
  2. ) Temporal consistency
    * refers to consis within structure across time
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4
Q

Cognitive Person variables

A

Qualities that influence how you react to the environment

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5
Q

What are competencies

A
  1. ) what a person knows/can do
  2. ) what we are capable of doing

These are active processes

differences between people reflect different competencies

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6
Q

What are the two types of knowledge

A
  1. ) declarative
  2. ) procedural
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7
Q

discuss declaritive knowledge

A

Knowledge we can delcare and articulate

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8
Q

discuss procedural knowledge

A

knowledge we can not articulate. Some competencies are context specific for example making good flah cards does not get you dates.

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9
Q

Discuss Encoding Strategies

A

People differ in how we look at events

Provides reason for consistency but also expalins inconsistency

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10
Q

Define Expectations

A

What we think will happen based on past experiences

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11
Q

Define stimulus outcome expectancy

A

What we think will happen based on past experiences

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12
Q

Discuss behavior outcomes

A

what will happen if you behave in a particular way

there is a link between actions/consequences

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13
Q

Define self efficacy

A

Our confidence in our ability to complete a certain action

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14
Q

Subjective Stimulus values

A

The preference you have for certain outcomes compared to others

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15
Q

Discuss the self regulatory system and plans

A

need to start and set goals

refers to a certain amount of will power

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16
Q

Discuss personal construct theory

A

Construct-interpretation of an event unique personal perspective of how the world works

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17
Q

define construct

A

interpretation of an event

unique personal perspective on how the world works

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18
Q

define event

A

refers to objects/people/feelings

you generate constructs than impose your own unique perspective

the object of a construct

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19
Q

discuss constructive alternativism

A

all events are open to multiple interpretations

CONSTRUCTS ARE UNIQUE LABELS ARE NOT UNIQUE

this is where differences in personality come from

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20
Q

discuss the Dichotomy corollarie

A

we do not have endless constructs and each one consists of opposing characteristics

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21
Q

Define Slot movement

A

Abrupt change change from one pole to it’s opposite

caused by stress.

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22
Q

Discuss the construction corollary

A

A person interprets events by construing their replications

you anticipate events by your interpretation of prior events.

this reflects qualities that recur

constructs dont occur by random

This explains why events occur with regularity

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23
Q

Discuss the choice corrolary

A

When we are presented with an event we have to make 2 choices

  1. ) choose which construct to use
  2. ) choose which pole to use (emergent vs implicit)
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24
Q

Definition vs. Extension

A

Definition is the ordinary, safe use of a construct in a familiar way.

Extension is related to permeability invovles using the construct to predict an event for which it has not been used before.

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25
permeability
refers to the ease of construct application to new events
26
How does one choose between extension and definition
1. ) individual differences 2. ) temporary situational factors
27
Range corrolary
Constructs only applicable to a limited range of events
28
Focus of convience
refers to the events for which a construct is more predictive
29
Modulation Corrolary
How easily can constructs be applied to new experiences (permiability is key)
30
Social learning theory
personality represents an interaction with ones environment ## Footnote An equation was developed BP=F(E&RV)
31
Define Expectancy
The probabilty that a particular behavior will result in a specific reinforcer
32
Define Specific Expectancy
belief that a certain behavior will lead to a specific outcome
33
Generalized Expectancy
belief that a behavior will outcome across a variety of situations
34
Freedom of movement
freedom of movement, or a person's overall expectation of being reinforced for performing those behaviors that are directed toward satisfying some general need; and (3) need value, or the extent to which people prefer one set of reinforcements to another. Need components are analogous to the more specific concepts of behavior potential, expectancy, and reinforcement value.
35
High Freedom of movement
anticipates success and achieving
36
Low freedom of movement
anticipates failure
37
Need value
The average value you place on group of reinforcers
38
Minimal Goal level
refers to the lowest level within a category of reinforcements you will consider as being reinforceing High MGL who does not achieve goal has a low freedome of movement
39
Pyschological situation
combinatiion of internal/external factors that influence response to a situation behavior is only predicable when we know the pyschological situation our behavior varies with our perception of each situation
40
41
Emergent Pole
Pole you apply to an event you are construeing
42
Implicit Pole
the pole you are not actively applying It is important to consider the opposite when construing a situation Poles are mutually exclusive Poles are determined by individuals
43
Locus on control
refers to our view of the source of outcomes
44
Internals
see outcomes as control within These kind of people believe they have control of their lives
45
Externals
See outcomes controlled outside Internal and external are not a reference to a trait and are not applicable to all situations eg they are not generalizeable
46
What kind of kids do INTERNALS HAVE
INTERNALS
47
Describe Internal PArents
1.) consistent in discipline * kid knows what to expect * child has some control * warm nurturing supportive
48
Describe External Parents
Inconsistent discipline excessive punishment over protective kids cannot develop a sense of competence
49
Correlates of attribution of responsibility
Internals=EFFORT BRINGS REWARD EXTERNALS=focus on luck or the difficulty of the task.
50
Correlates of LOC and conformity
Externals are conformists
51
Correlates of LOC with Achievment
internality increases with achievment
52
COrrelates of LOC with race
Externality is greater with african americans DUE TO THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING A MINORITY RACE DOES NOT EXIST
53
COrrelates of LOC with information seeking
Internals seek more information
54
COrrelates of LOC with physical health
internals are healthier lower BP when in hospitals internals cooperate better more likely to wear seatbelts
55
COrrelates of LOC with pyschological Adjustment
internals have better pyschological adjustment internals have more pre dicision distress.
56
what are the major assumptions of the humanistic perspective
focus on the higher aspects of personality values subjective experience of the individual focus on the present active approach people are intrinsicly good/self perfecting focus on possibilties and potential
57
What did abraham maslow think of religion
THAT SHIT IS SUPERSITION
58
Discuss the need heirarchy
Human needs very in immediacny and power more basic needs to be addres first
59
What are the 5 levels of needs
pyshiological safety belonginess/love Esteem needs Self actualization needs
60
Discuss pysiological needs
homeostatic stuff Do people live on bread alone DEPENDS ON IF THEY HAVE BREAD HOW CAN YOU PAINT A MASTERPEICE WHEN YOU ARE HUNGRY AS SHIT
61
DIscuss Safety Needs
Safety needs are the needs for securtity protection law and order and predicability IF THESE needs are not met it stops further development
62
Discuss Belonginess and Love needs
when these needs are met it gives people a sense of place in family and group
63
Discuss D love
deficiancy love-the hunger to receive love from other people
64
Discuss B love
non possesive insatiable love it can be enjoyed without end Involves very little anxiety and very little hostitlity NO JEALOUSY OR CLINGLY THIS KIND OF LOVER WILL HELP THEIR the other towards self actualization unconditional love
65
Esteem Needs
2 kinds esteem from others Self esteem * personal desire for mastery competence achievment and independence * If you satisfy these needs you feel like you matter * not satisfying these needs makes you feel helpless
66
Self actualization needs
* To become more of what one is * To become eveything you are capable of being * at this level individual differences are the greatest * only a minority of people are even trying to reach their full potential *
67
Why isnt self actualization more universal
It is easily obstructed by other needs most people fear the knowledge you would gain from self actualization
68
Jonah Complex
Our fear is not that we are inadequate but that we are powerful beyond measure If we reach our potential it will put us into situations we do not think we can cope with.
69
Discuss D needs
The first four needs that require fufillment in order to move forward

Theories of Personality (10 decks)

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