Exam 3 Meds Flashcards

Question

Tetrahydrozoline | Topical Nasal Congestants

Answer 1

For: Relieve the discomfort of nasal congestion that accompanies the common cold, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis, Decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the overproduction of secretions MOA: Decrease the overproduction of secretions by causing local vasoconstriction to the upper respiratory tract * Sympathomimetic, Affects sympathetic nervous system to cause vasodilatation, Causing less inflammation of the nasal membrane AE: Local stinging and burning, Rebound congestion, Sympathomimetic effects, NV, mild HA * Consider nasal membranes, glaucoma, DM, thyroid disease, HTN, respiratory status CI: Lesion or erosion in the mucous membranes Caution: Any condition that might be exacerbated by sympathetic activity Drug: Cyclopropane or halothane

Answer 2

For: Promotion of drainage in the sinuses and improving air flow * Decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the overproduction of secretions MOA: Decrease nasal congestion related to the common cold, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis * Shrink the nasal mucous membrane by stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors in the nasal mucous membranes AE: Rebound congestion, Sympathetic effects, dizziness, anxiety * Consider HTN, pregnancy/lactation, HTN, Hyperthyroidism, CAD, prostate hyperplasia, DM CI: Any condition that might be exacerbated by sympathetic activity Drug: OTC products that contain pseudoephedrine; taking concurrently can cause serious side effects

Answer 3

For: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, Inflammation after the removal of nasal polyps * Decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the overproduction of secretions MOA: Relieves inflammation at site of use – blocks complexes, Exact mechanism of action is not know AE: Local burning, irritation, stinging, dryness of the mucosa, and headache, Suppression of healing can occur in a patient who has had nasal surgery or trauma CI: Acute infection Caution: Active infection, Avoid exposure to airborne infections

Answer 4

For: Seasonal allergies, allergic reaction, motion sickness * Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, uncomplicated urticaria, and angioedema MOA: Selectively blocks of Histamine1 Receptors. Atropine (anticholinergic) like effect, antipruritic, sedative effects AE: Drowsiness and sedation, Anticholinergic effects * Consider prolonged QT interval, respiratory status CI: pregnancy/lactation Caution: Renal or hepatic impairment, History of arrhythmias

Answer 5

For: Symptomatic relief of respiratory conditions characterized by a dry, non-productive cough MOA: Increase productive cough to clear the airways. * They liquefy lower respiratory tract secretions, reducing the viscosity of these secretions and making it easier for the patient to cough them up * Enhances the output of respiratory tract fluids by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of these fluids, allowing easier movement of the less viscous secretions AE: GI symptoms, Headache, Dizziness, Mild rash, Prolonged use may result in masking a serious underlying disorder * Consider smoker, asthmatic, someone with emphysema and what their cough is like

Answer 6

For: Patients who have difficulty coughing up secretions, who develop atelectasis, with tracheostomies undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy, and postoperative patients * Given IV or PO w/ acetaminophen OD to protect liver MOA: Increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid the clearing of the airways in high-risk respiratory patients who are coughing up thick, tenacious secretions. Decrease viscosity of mucous, and protects liver cells. AE: GI upset, Stomatitis and/or rhinorrhea, Bronchospasm, Rash * Consider presence of acute bronchospasm, peptic ulcer and esophageal varices Caution: Acute bronchospasm, peptic ulcer, and esophageal varices

Answer 7

For: Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and for reversal of bronchospasm associated with COPD MOA: Direct effect on the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract, both in the bronchi and in the blood vessels = increasing vital capacity and force of diaphragmatic muscle AE: Related to theophylline levels in the blood, GI upset, nausea, irritability, and tachycardia to seizure, brain damage, and even death * Consider presence of Peptic ulcer, gastritis, renal or hepatic dysfunction, and coronary disease CI: GI problems, coronary disease, respiratory dysfunction, renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, or hyperthyroidism Drug: cigarette substances

Answer 8

For: Acute asthma attach, Bronchospasm in acute or chronic asthma, Prevention of exercise-induced asthma * Anaphylactic reactions MOA: Mimic effects of the sympathetic nervous system: dilation of bronchi with increased rate and depth of respiration, increased HR & BP * Beta 2 selective adrenergic agonists AE: Sympathomimetic stimulation, CNS stimulation, GI upset, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, bronchospasm, sweating, pallor, and flushing * Consider presence of CVD, smoking, pregnancy, DM, hyperthyroidism CI: Depends on the severity of the underlying condition Drug: general anesthesia

Answer 9

For: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD * Seasonal rhinitis, asthma exacerbations MOA: Patients who cannot tolerate the sympathetic effects of the sympathomimetic might respond to the anticholinergic drugs * Anticholinergic that blocks vagally mediated reflexes by antagonizing the action of acetylcholine AE: Related to the anticholinergic effects of the drug, Dizziness, headache, fatigue, nervousness, dry mouth, sore throat, palpitations, and urinary retention * Consider presence of acute bronchospasms, BPH, HR, BP, bladder obstruction Caution: Any condition that would be aggravated by the anticholinergic effects of the drug Drug: other anticholinergic

Answer 10

For: Prevention and treatment of asthma, Treat chronic steroid-dependent bronchial asthma MOA: Decrease the inflammatory response in the airway AE: Sore throat, Hoarseness, Coughing, Dry mouth, Pharyngeal and laryngeal fungal infections * Consider presence of active infection CI: Not used for emergency during an acute attack or status asthmaticus, Pregnancy or lactation

Answer 11

For: Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of bronchial asthma in adults and in patients younger than 5 years of age MOA: Selectively and competitively block or antagonize receptors for the production of leukotrienes. Blocks leukotrienes which are slow responders to anaphylactic reaction = blocks airway edema, airway inflammation AE: Headache, dizziness, myalgia, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain, elevated liver enzyme concentrations, vomiting, and generalized pain * Consider presence of Acute bronchospasm or asthmatic attack, hepatic/renal impairment Caution: Hepatic or renal impairment, Pregnancy and lactation Drug: Propranolol, theophylline, terfenadine, or warfarin, Calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, or aspirin

Answer 12

For: Chronic UTI, Adjunctive therapy in acute cystitis and pyelonephritis, Prophylaxis with urinary tract anatomical abnormalities and residual urine disorders. MOA: Act specifically within the urinary tract to destroy bacteria. * They act either through direct antibiotic effect or through acidification AE: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bladder irritation, and dysuria. Vaginitis. Pruitus, urticaria, headache, dizziness, nervousness, and confusion CI: Allergy Caution: Renal dysfunction, Pregnancy and lactation

Answer 13

For: bladder spasm, dysuria MOA: Blocking parasympathetic activity. Relaxing the detrusor and other urinary tract muscles; inhibits Ach at muscarinic receptors * Block the spasms of urinary tract muscles caused by various conditions AE: Related to blocking of the parasympathetic system; Decreased sweating, dry mough, nausea, drowsiness, blurry vision, urinary retention, tachycardia CI: Allergy, **Pyloric or duodenal obstruction**, Recent surgery, **Obstructive urinary tract problems**, Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or acute hemorrhage * Caution: Renal or hepatic dysfunction, Pregnancy and lactation Drug: Phenothiazines, Haloperidol

Answer 14

For: Pain involving the urinary tract can be very uncomfortable and lead to urinary retention and increased risk of infection * Relieve symptoms related to urinary tract irritation from infection, trauma, or surgery MOA: When phenazopyridine is excreted in urine, it exerts a direct topical analgesic effect on the urinary mucosa AE: GI upset, headache, rash, **reddish-orange coloring of the urine and staining of contact lenses** * Renal and hepatic toxicity CI: Allergy, renal dysfunction Caution: Pregnancy and lactation Drug: antibacterial agents

Answer 15

For: Used to coat or adhere to the bladder mucosal wall and protect it from irritation related to solutes in urine. * Interstitial Cystitis MOA: Heparin-like compound that has anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects. * Adheres to the bladder wall mucosal membranes and acts as a buffer to control cell permeability, preventing irritating solutes in the urine from reaching the bladder wall cells AE: Bleeding that may progress to hemorrhage, Headache, alopecia, GI disturbances CI: Condition that involve a risk of bleeding, Heparin induced thrombocytopenia Caution: Hepatic or splenic dysfunction, Pregnancy or lactation Drug: Anticoagulants, aspirin, or NSAIDs

Answer 16

For: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern hair loss, also called androgenetic alopecia MOA: blocks the action of an enzyme called 5-alpha-reductase. This enzyme changes testosterone to another hormone that causes the prostate to grow or hair loss in males. It will increase testosterone levels in the body, which decreases prostate size and increases hair growth on the scalp.

Exam 3 Meds Flashcards

(40 cards)