Exam 3 Misc

Question 1

How do drugs affect sexuality?

Answer 1

by altering libido via hypothal and limbic (reward) system)

by altering performance via ability to achieve erection/lubrication and orgasm

Question 2

Effect of testosterone on libido

Answer 2

increase

Question 3

Effect of dopamine on libido

Answer 3

increase

Question 4

Effect of estrogen (in females) on libido

Answer 4

increase

Question 5

Effect of prolactin on libido

Answer 5

decrease

Question 6

Effect of estrogen (in males) on libido

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

Effect of serotonin on libido

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

Effect of Increase DA in synapse on libido

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

Effect of DA receptor antagonists on libido

Answer 9

decrease

Question 10

Increase NE in synapse effect on libido

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

β blockers; α2 agonists effect on libido

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

Muscarinic antagonists effect on libido

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

Increase 5-HT in synapse effect on libido

Answer 13

decrease

Question 14

↑ prolactin secretion effecr on libido

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

Anti-androgenic drug effect on libido

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

How do drugs interfere with erection?

Answer 16

Peripheral anti-muscarinic actions

Decreased blood flow

Question 17

How do drugs interfere with orgasm?

Answer 17

α1-blockade
local anesthetic
sedatives

Question 18

CNS effects that decrease libido

Answer 18

Block DA, NE, ACh (muscarinic) receptors; enhance5-HT; sedation

Question 19

What hormones regular calcium homeostasis?

Answer 19

vit D
PTH
FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor)

Question 20

Effect of vit D on plasma Ca and phosphate

Answer 20

increases both

Question 21

Effect of PTH on plasma Ca and phosphate

Answer 21

inc plasma ca and dec plasma phosphate

Question 22

Effect of FGF23 on plasma phosphate

Answer 22

dec

Question 23

What happens to PTH and vit D if calcium decreases?

Answer 23

inc PTH

inc vit D

Question 24

What happens to PTH and vit D if calcium increases?

Answer 24

dec PTH

dec vit D

Question 25

What happens to PTH and vit D and FGF23 if phosphate increases?

Answer 25

inc PTH dec vit D inc FGF23LL>>L>>>K

Question 26

Why does estrogen deficiency lead to osteoporosis?

Answer 26

bone resorption inc more than bone formation less estrogen will dec osteoblast activity while inc osteoclast number and activity Plus RANKL inc and OPG dec allowing formation of more osteoclasts

Question 27

Two phases of bone loss in postmenopausal women

Answer 27

initial phase- 3-5yrs, shorter, trabecular bones deteriorate rapidly (vertebral fx) second phase- 10-20 yrs, longer, lowss of cortical and trabecular bones

Question 28

What is the purpose of taking 1,000 mg calcium daily in women at risk of osteoporosis?

Answer 28

it will inc calcium levels which will prevent PTH from increasing which would cause bone resorption

Question 29

What is purpose of taking vit D?

Answer 29

will inhibit PTH release as well as prevent vit D deficiency which would cause a decrease in GI calcium absorption

Question 30

What is effect of increasing BMI on bone health?

Answer 30

inc of BMI will have more leptin which stimulates GnRH to make estrogen

Question 31

What are the only approved bone forming agents?

Answer 31

teriparatide and intact PTH