Exam 3- Myology of the "Back", Deep, Anterior and Lateral Neck Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
What muscles are associated with the five muscle layers of the true back?
A
Layer 1: Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi
Layer 2: Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor and Levator Scapulae
Layer 3: Serratus Posterior Superior and Serratus Posterior Inferior
Layer 4: Erector Spinae
Layer 5: Transversospinalis
2
Q
Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer 1 of the true back?
A
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
3
Q
Which of the muscles attaching to spinous processes represent layer 2 of the true back?
A
Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor
4
Q
Which muscles attaching to transverse processes represent layer 2 of the true back?
A
Levator Scapulae
5
Q
The trapezius is innervated by what nerve?
A
Spinal Accessory Nerve
6
Q
What forms the spinal accessory nerve innervating the trapezius?
A
C1-C5 cord levels contribute to the spinal root of the spinal accessory nerve
7
Q
The latissimus dorsi is innervated by what nerve?
A
Thoracodorsal Nerve
8
Q
What forms the thoracodorsal nerve innervating the latissimus dorsi?
A
ventral rami from C6-C8
9
Q
Which of the muscles of the true back are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
A
levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
10
Q
What forms the dorsal scapular nerve?
A
ventral ramus of C5
11
Q
The levator scapulae is innervated by what nerves?
A
dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C3, C4 ventral rami
12
Q
The rhomboid major is innervated by what nerves?
A
dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus
13
Q
The rhomboid minor is innervated by what nerves?
A
dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and branches from C4 ventral ramus
14
Q
What muscles lie just beneath the trapezius in the neck?
A
splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
15
Q
What part of the vertebra forms the osseous origin from the splenius muscles?
A
the spinous process
16
Q
Splenius Capitis will attach to what locations on the skull?
A
mastoid process of temporal bone, superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
17
Q
What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?
A
dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves (C3-C6 cord levels)
18
Q
Splenius cervicis will attach to what locations on the spine?
A
lateral mass of C1 and posterior tubercle of transverse process on C1-C4
19
Q
What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?
A
dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-C7 cord levels)
20
Q
Which muscles represent the fourth layer of the true back?
A
erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles
21
Q
Which muscles are identified as erector spinae or sacrospinalis muscles?
A
iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis
22
Q
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum?
A
spinous processes of T11-T12, L1-L5, median sacral crest, lateral sacral crest
23
Q
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum?
A
costal angles of the lower 6-9 ribs (rib 6- rib 12 or rib 3 - rib 12)
24
Q
What is the innervation of the iliocostalis lumborum?
A
dorsal rami of lower thoracic and all lumbar pelvic movement
25
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?
spinous processes of L1-L5
26
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum?
iliac crest of the innominate bone
27
Which subdivision of the iliocostalis muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?
iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum
28
What is the origin for the iliocostalis thoracis?
costal angles of the lower 6-7 ribs (rib 5 or 6 - rib 12)
29
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?
costal angles of teh upper 6-7 ribs, transverse process of C7
30
What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an insertion for the iliocostalis thoracis?
transverse process of C7
31
Which subdivision of the iliocostalis primarily originates and inserts on ribs?
iliocostalis thoracis
32
What is the innervation of the iliocostalis thoracis?
dorsal rami of upper 6 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T6 cord levels)
33
What is the origin for the iliocostalis cervicis?
costal angles of the upper 3-6 ribs (ribs 1-3 or ribs 1-6)
34
What is the insertion for the iliocostalis cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse process of C(3) C4-C6
35
What is the innervation of the iliocostalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of T1, T2 spinal nerves, sometimes C8 spinal nerve (C8, T1, T2 cord levels)
36
What muscles are classically identified as longissimus muscles?
longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis
37
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis?
accessory process and transverse process of L1-L5, spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3
38
What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis?
transverse tubercle of all thoracic segments between tubercle and costal angle of the lower 9-10 ribs (rib 2 or rib 3 - rib 12)
39
Which erector spinae muscle is attached to the accessory process?
longissimus thoracis
40
What is the innervation of the longissimus thoracis?
dorsal rami of all thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T12, L1-L5)
41
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?
accessory process and medial part of the transverse process of L1-L5
42
What is the insertion for the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum?
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone
43
Contraction of longissimus thoracis pars lumborum will result in what movements?
lateral flexion of lumbar spine
| bilaterally extend lumbar spine and increase lumbar lordotic curve
44
What osseous parts of the vertebral column site serve as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
spinous processes of L3-L5 and median sacral crest S1-S3
45
What non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the longissimus thoracis pars thoracis?
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of the innominate bone
46
Which subdivision of the longissimus muscle appears to have a reversal of origin - insertion?
longissimus thoracis pars lumborum
47
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the longissimus cervicis?
posterior tubercle of transverse processes from C2-C6 or C7, articular process from C2-C6 or C7
48
What is the innervation of the longissimus cervicis?
dorsal rami of C4-C8 and T1-T2 spinal nerves (C4-C8 and T1-T2 cord levels)
49
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the longissimus capitis?
transverse tubercle of T1-T5 and articular process of C4-C7
50
What is the insertion for the longissimus capitis?
mastoid process of temporal bone
51
What is the innervation of the longissimus capitis?
dorsal rami of C1-C3 or C4 spinal nerves, (C1-C3 or C4 cord levels)
52
Which erector spinae muscles attach to cervical articular processes?
longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis
53
What muscles are classically identified as spinalis muscles?
spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis and spinalis capitis
54
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis thoracis?
spinous processes of T11 and T12 - L1 and L2
55
What is the insertion for the spinalis thoracis?
spinous process of T1-T4 or as low as T8
56
What is the innervation of the spinalis thoracis?
dorsal rami of all thoracic and upper lumbar spinal nerves
57
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis cervicis?
spinous process of C7 and T1-T6
58
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an insertion for the spinalis cervicis?
spinous processes from C2-C4
59
What is the innervation of the spinalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of all cervical spinal nerves (C1-C8 cord levels)
60
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the spinalis capitis?
spinous process of C7 and T1-T6 or T7
61
What is the insertion for the spinalis capitis?
below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
62
What is the innervation of the spinalis capitis?
dorsal rami of lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal nerves
63
Which muscles are identified as transversospinalis muscles?
semispinalis, multifidus and rotators
64
How many vertebrae can be attached to a single segment by transversospinalis muscles?
as many as nine vertebrae
65
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis thoracis?
transverse tubercles of T6-T10 or as low as T12
66
What segment will represent the lowest attachment site for the semispinalis thoracis?
T12
67
What is the insertion for the semispinalis thoracis?
spinous processes of C6-C7 and T1-T4
68
What is the innervation of the semispinalis thoracis?
dorsal rami of T1-T6 spinal nerves (cord levels T1-T6)
69
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis cervicis?
transverse tubercles of T1-T5 or T6 and articular processes of C4-C7
70
What is the insertion for the semispinalis cervicis?
spinous processes of C2-C5
71
What is the innervation of the semispinalis cervicis?
dorsal rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves (cord levels C6-C8)
72
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the semispinalis capitis?
transverse tubercles of C7, T1-T6 or T7 and articular processes of C4-C6
73
What is the insertion for the semispinalis capitis?
below the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
74
What is the innervation of the semispinalis capitis?
dorsal rami of C1-C6 spinal nerves (cord levels C1-C6)
75
The biventer cervicis is formed by the fusion of what muscles?
semispinalis capitis and spinalis capitis
76
What regional subdivisions are now identified with multifidis muscles?
lumbar multifidis, thoracic multifidis and cervical multifidis
77
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the classic multifidis?
articular process of C4-C7, transverse processes of T1-T12, mammillary processes of L1-L5 and the dorsal surface of S1-S4 or S5
78
What is the insertion for the classic multifidus?
spinous process 3-5 segments above the origin
79
Which transversospinalis muscle attaches to articular and mammillary processes along the spine?
multifidus
80
What is the innervation of the classic multifidis?
dorsal rami of C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1 spinal nerves (cord levels C3-C8, T1-T12, L1-L5 and S1)
81
What osseous parts of the vertebral column serve as an origin to the multifidis cervicis?
articular process of C4-C7
82
What is the attachment site and most cranial vertebra of insertion for the multifidus?
spinous process of C2
83
Contraction of multifidus cervicis will result in what movements?
alters the zygapophyseal capsular ligament response to load distribution determines the cervical spine response to injury as evidenced by neck pain and is a significant contributor to postural control of the head and neck
84
Which subdivision of multifidis may demonstrate a reversal of origin - insertion?
multifidis lumborum
85
Contraction of multifidus lumborum will result in what movements?
lateral flexion and rotation of the lumbar spine, maintains the lumbar lordotic curve and prevents entrapment of lumbar zygapophyseal capsular ligament during movement
86
What is characteristic of multifidus innervation?
all fascicles attaching to a specific spinous process are innervated by the nerve of that segment... (the L2 spinal nerve terminates on fascicles attaching to the L2 spinous process)
87
Which muscles of the spine exhibit a reversal of the expected origin - insertion combination?
iliocostalis lumborum pars lumborum, longissimus thoracic pars lumborum and multifidis lumborum
88
Rotator muscles are typically identified in what region of the spine
the thoracic region
89
What will replace muscles spanning one or two segmental levels in the cervicals and lumbars?
deep layers of the multifidis
90
What muscle connects a transverse process to the spinous process of the segment above?
rotator brevis
91
What muscle connects a transverse process to the spinous process two segments above?
rotator longus
92
What innervates the rotators?
dorsal rami at the level of insertion are believed to do so
93
What muscles are included in the suboccipital muscle group?
rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior
94
What suboccipital muscle lacks an attachment to the skull?
obliquus capitis inferior
95
Which nerve will innervate all suboccipital muscles?
the dorsal ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve
96
What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior major?
the spinous tubercle of C2
97
What is the insertion of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
inferior nuchal line laterally
98
Contraction of rectus capitis posterior major will result in what movements?
turns the face to the side, bilaterally acts to extend the head
99
What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1
100
What is the insertion of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
inferior nuchal line medially
101
Contraction of rectus capitis posterior minor will result in what movement?
extends the head
102
What is the origin of the obliquus capitis inferior?
C2 spinous process and lamina
103
What is the insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior?
transverse process of C1
104
Contraction of obliquus capitis inferior will result in what movement?
turns the face to the side
105
What is the origin of the obliquus capitis superior?
the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1
106
What is the insertion of the obliquus capitis superior?
between superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line
107
Contraction of obliquus capitis superior will result in what movements?
lateral flexion/lateral bending of the head, bilaterally acts to extend the head
108
An increase in the density of muscle spindles is most apparent in which suboccipital muscle?
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
109
Suboccipital muscle feedback relays to what additional locations in the brain?
extraocular nuclei of origin, primary visual cortex and vestibular nuclei
110
What is the result of communication between suboccipital muscles, visual centers and vestibular centers?
coordination of head and eye position
111
What is the proposed function of the suboccipital muscle group?
postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occiptal and atlanto- axial joints
112
Which suboccipital muscles are known to attach to dura mater?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major, Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor, and Obliquus Capitis Inferior
113
At what segmental levels of the spine will the interspinalis muscle be present?
C2-C7, T1-T3, and T11-T12, L1-L4 or L5
114
Interspinalis is paired in which regions of the spine?
cervical and lumbar regions
115
At what locations will interspinalis be absent along the spine?
T3-T4 down to T10-T11
116
Based on the density of muscle spindles what is proposed function of the interspinalis?
acts as a proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with intertransversarii to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture
117
Intertransversarii are paired in which region(s) of the spine?
cervical and lumbar regions
118
In which region of the spine are intertransversarii best developed?
cervical region
119
Which of the cervical intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spine nerves?
posterior medial belly, cervical intertransversarii
120
What is the origin of the medial belly of the lumbar intertransversarii?
accessory process of transverse process L1-L4
| mammillary process of superior articular process L1-L4
121
What is the insertion of the medial belly of the lumbar interstransversarii?
mammillary process of superior articular process the segment below (L2-L5)
122
Which of the lumbar intertransversarii is innervated by dorsal rami of lumbar spinal nerves?
medial belly, lumbar intertransversarii
123
Which of the lumbar intertransversarii is innervated by ventral rami of lumbar spinal nerves?
anterior lateral belly and posterior lateral belly, lumbar intertransversarii
124
Which muscle group is innervated by both dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves?
Intertransversarii
125
Based on the density of muscle spindles what is the proposed function of the intertransversarii?
acts as proprioceptive transducer in conjunction with interspinalis to coordinate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture
126
What is the origin of the longus colli?
vertebral bodies of C5-C7, T1-T3 and anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C5
127
Contraction of longus colli will result in what movements?
flexion and lateral flexion (blending) of the neck and rotation to the contralateral side
128
What will innervate the longus colli?
ventral rami of C2-C6 or C7 spinal nerves
129
What is the origin of the longus capitis?
anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6
130
What is the insertion of the longus capitis?
basilar part of the occipital bone
131
What will innervate the longus capitis?
the ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves
132
What is the origin of the rectus capitis anterior?
lateral mass and costal element of the transverse process of C1
133
What is the insertion of the rectus capitis anterior?
basilar part of the occipital bone
134
What will innervate the rectus capitis anterior?
ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves
135
What is the origin of the rectus capitis lateralis?
costal element of the transverse process of C1
136
What is the insertion of the rectus capitis lateralis?
jugular process of the occipital bone
137
What will innervate the rectus capitis lateralis?
the ventral rami of C1-C2 spinal nerves
138
What is the origin of the anterior scalene?
anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6
139
What is the insertion of the anterior scalene?
ridge and anterior scalene tubercle of the first rib
140
Contraction of anterior scalene will result in what movements?
flexion and lateral flexion (bending) of the neck and rotation of cervicals to the contralateral side; elevates first rib
141
What will innervate the anterior scalene?
the ventral rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves
142
What is the origin of the middle scalene?
transverse processes of C1, C2 and posterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C7
143
What is the insertion of the middle scalene?
between the tubercle and groove for the subclavian artery on the first rib
144
Contraction of middle scalene will result in what movements?
laterally flex the neck; elevate the first rib
145
What will innervate the middle scalene?
the ventral rami of C3-C8 spinal nerves
146
What is the origin of the posterior scalene?
posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-C6
147
What is the insertion of the posterior scalene?
outer surface of second rib
148
Contraction of posterior scalene, will result in what movements?
laterally flex the neck; elevates the second rib
149
What will innervate the posterior scalene?
the ventral rami of C6-C8 spinal nerves
150
Which muscle is said to form the iliolumbar ligament?
quadratus lumborum
151
What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an origin to the quadratus lumborum?
transverse process of L5
152
What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
transverse tubercle of the transverse process L1-L4 and 12th rib
153
What will innervate the quadratus lumborum?
the ventral rami of T12 and L1-L3 or L4 spinal nerves
154
What is the origin of the psoas major?
vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1 and transverse processes of L1-L5
155
What is the insertion of the psoas major?
lesser trochanter of the femur
156
What will innervate the psoas major?
primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3, may include ventral rami of L1 and L4 spinal nerves
157
What is the origin of the psoas minor?
vertebral bodies T12, L1
158
What is the insertion of the psoas minor?
iliopubic eminence of the innominate bone
159
What will innervate the psoas minor?
the ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve
160
What osseous part of the vertebral column serves as an origin to the iliacus?
superolateral margin of sacrum
161
What non-vertebral column site serves as an origin to the iliacus?
iliac crest and upper two-thirds of the iliac fossa of the innominate bone
162
What is the insertion of the iliacus?
lesser trochanter of the femur
163
What will innervate the iliacus?
the femoral nerve, primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3
164
What is the origin of the levator costarum brevis?
transverse tubercles of transverse processes from C7, T1-T11
165
What is the insertion of the levator costarum brevis?
between the costal tubercle and costal angle of the rib below
166
What will innervate the levator costarum brevis?
the dorsal rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves
167
What is the origin of the levator costarum longus?
transverse tubercles of transverse processes from T7-T10
168
What is the insertion of the levator costarum longus?
near costal angle of rib 9 - rib 12
169
What will innervate the levator costarum longus?
the dorsal rami of the lower thoracic spinal nerves
170
What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior?
spinous tubercles of spinous processes from C7, T1, and T2, possibly T3
171
What is the insertion of the serratus posterior superior?
upper outer border of rib 2 - rib 5
172
What will innervate the serratus posterior superior?
the ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves...intercostal
173
What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior?
spinous tubercles of spinous processes from T11, T12, L1 and L2, possibly L3
174
What is the insertion of the serratus posterior inferior?
inferior outer border of ribs 9-12
175
What will innervate the serratus posterior inferior?
the ventral rami of T9 - T11, the intercostal nerves and the ventral rami of T12, the subcostal nerve
