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Microbiology > Exam 3 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antisepsis

A
  • the reduction in the number of microorganisms and viruses, particularly potential pathogens, on living tissue (alcohol)
  • destroying harmful microorganisms from living tissues
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2
Q

Sterilization

A
  • removing or destroying all microorganisms from living tissues
  • destruction of all microorganisms and viruses in or on an object
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3
Q

Sanitization

A
  • removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards
  • lowering microbial counts on eating utensils to safe levels
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4
Q

Commercial sterilization

A
  • killing _ C. Botulinum _ endospores from canned goods
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5
Q

Degerming

A
  • mechanical removal of microbes from a limited area
  • removal of microbes by mechanical means (washing hands)
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6
Q

Disinfection

A
  • destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on nonliving tissue (wiping down equipment)
  • destroying harmful microorganisms
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7
Q

Bacteriostasis

A
  • inhibiting, not killing, microbes
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8
Q

biocide

A
  • treatments that kill microbes
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9
Q

Aseptic

A
  • refers to an environment or procedure free of pathogenic contaminants (a surgical field)
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10
Q

-cide, -cidal

A
  • destruction of a type of microbe
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11
Q

Pasteurization

A
  • use of heat to destroy pathogen and reduce the number of spoilage microorganisms in foods and beverages (restaurants)
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12
Q

-stasis, -static

A
  • inhibition but not complete destruction of a type of microbe
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13
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • interferes with bridges that link the NAM subunits in many gram-positive bacteria (treating serious staphylococcus infections_
    - treats gram-positive bacteria, more likely to treat a staph infection that bacitracin
    - comes form streptococcus orientalis (is an injection
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14
Q

Bacitracin

A
  • blocks the transport of NAG and NAM from the cytoplasm
    - ointment for superficial skin infections, treats gram-positive bacteria
    - comes from bacterial strains (Bacillus strains), is an ointment
    - can treat general skin infections and staph infections
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15
Q

Penicillin

A
  • deactivates the penicillin binding enzymes involved in the cross linking peptidoglycan
    - contains beta-lactam rings for cell wall inhibition
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16
Q

Carbapenems

A
  • very, similar to penicillin, penetrates the cell wall and binds to the penicillin binding enzymes which inhibit the bacterial cell wall synthesis
    - doripenem
    - imipenem
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17
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • disrupt the synthesis of peptidoglycan
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18
Q

Tetracycline

A

Blocks the docking sight of the tRNA

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19
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • changes the 30S subunit shape resulting in the mRNA being misread
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20
Q

Chloramphenicol

A
  • blocks the formation of the peptide bonds
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21
Q

Macrolides

A
  • binds reversible to the 50S subunit and blocks translocation from the A site to the P site
    • azythromycin
    • erythromycin
22
Q

Amphotericin B

A
  • drills a pore through the cytoplasmic membrane which leads to a channel forming, damaging the integrity of the membrane
  • fungal infections
23
Q

Sulfonamide

A
  • blocks the ability of bacteria to use folic acid to grow by stopping the metabolic process through blocking the enzymes required for the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate
    - is an anti metabolic drug that is a structural analog
24
Q

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones

A
  • act against prokaryotic DNA gyrase
25
Q

Pleconaril

A
  • blocks viral attachment
    - antiviral
    - common cold symptoms for those exposed to pi coronavirus, rhinovirus, and enterovirus
26
Q

Enterococcus Faecium

A
  • gram positive, coccus shared, diplococci or streptococci arrangement.
  • can cause UTIs, endocarditis, bacteremia, and wound infections
  • is small, smooth, and gray or gray-whitish
  • resistant to streptomycin and vancomycin
27
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A
  • gram-positive, coccus shaped, staphylococcus arrangement
  • cause staph infections, cellulitis, furuncles, soft tissues infection (like accesses)
  • has a gold appearance in color when under a microscope
  • MRSA; resistant to methicillin, penicillin, vancomycin (sometimes)
28
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A
  • Gram-negative, bacillus shaped, coco bacillus arrangement
  • can cause infections of the bloodstream, meningitis, pneumonia, wound and surgical infections
  • often in pink-yellow mucoid colonies
  • Resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems
29
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A
  • gram-negative, rod or bacillus shape, coccobacillus arrangement
  • causes lung infections like pneumonia, blood and wound infections, UTIs.
  • often appears bright salmon red
  • resistant to carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones
30
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • gram-negative, rod or bacillus-shaped, single or diplobacilli or streptobacilli arrangement
  • causes various diseases in the heart, brain, eyes, ears, and blood (bladder catheter infections)
  • often a blueish-green or yellow-green color
  • resistant to nearly all antibiotics including carbapenems
31
Q

Enterobacter species

A
  • gram-negative, rod shaped, single, diplobacilli, and streptobacilli arrangement
  • causes nosocomial pathogens, responsible for disease such as bacteremia, infection in the lower respiratory tract, skin, soft tissue, UTIs, and in the intra-abdomen
  • often appears in a pinkish color
32
Q

Bactericidal
Bacteristatic

A

Bactericidal - kills bacteria
Bacteristatic - inhibits the growth of bacteria

33
Q

What drugs target folic acid synthesis

A

Trimethoprim
Sulfanomides
Silver Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole

34
Q

Drug that target the cytoplasmic or cell membranes

A
  • Polymyxin
    - polymyxin B
  • Daptomycin
35
Q

the four main categories of anti fungal agents

A
  • macrolide polyenes
  • azoles
  • echinocandins
  • allylamines
36
Q

Some antihelminthic drugs

A
  • Ivermectin
  • Mebendazole
  • Praziquantel
37
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and Penicillin G all do what?

A

Target the cell wall

38
Q

What is used to treat cases of tuberculosis

A

Isoniazid
- or for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

39
Q

Clavulanic acid does what

A

Inhibits B-lactamase activity

40
Q

Amphotericin B does what

A

Is an example of a macrolide politeness drug used to treat systemic fungal infections and lesions caused by Candida albicans
- treats some fungal and parasitic infections

41
Q

The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is ———

A
  • sterilization
42
Q

The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit pathogens is ———

A

Antisepsis

43
Q

The removal of all life forms from inanimate objects is termed ———

A

Sterilization

44
Q

The alcohol wipe before an injection is an example of ———

A
  • antisepsis
45
Q

Disinfection of beverages, such as apple juice, milk, and wine, is optimally achieved by ———

A

Pasteurization

46
Q

A(n) ——— would be used to destroy bacteria on a countertop whereas a(n) ——— would be used on skin prior to making an incision

A

Disinfectant;antiseptic

47
Q

What microbial control method that neither inhibits nor kills microbes, but instead physically removes them from liquids or air.

A

Filtration

48
Q

What type of chemical will allow some bacteria to be resistant to many penicillins

A
  • penicillinase
49
Q

Isoniazid

A
  • treats TB or prevents its return
  • HIV
  • pulmonary fibrosis (scarring of lungs with an unknown cause
50
Q

Target cell wall

A
  • cephalosporins
  • carbapenems
  • tetracyclines

Microbiology (23 decks)

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