Exam 3 review

Question 1

Major risk factors of hypertension

Answer 1

Excess smoking and drinking

Question 2

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

Vitamins A, E, D, and K

Question 3

The signs of vitamin E deficiency

Answer 3

RBC hemolysis

Question 4

The major difference between macro and micro nutrients

Answer 4

macronutrients are needed in larger amounts and provide your body with energy while micronutrients are need in smaller amounts

Question 5

why does taking excess fat soluble vitamins cause toxicity in comparison to water soluble vitamins

Answer 5

water soluble vitamins are more easily excreted

Question 6

what is beta-carotene?

Answer 6

A carotenoid that gives plants there pigmentation and can be converted into vitamin A.

Question 7

The role of bile in vitamin absorption

Answer 7

Helps digest fat-soluble vitamins

Question 8

What nutrients are often enriched in grains?

Answer 8

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, iron

Question 9

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 9

Vitamin C and “B vitamins”

Question 10

what can you add to your food to help fat soluble absorption?

Answer 10

Add some dietary fat to your food.

Question 11

What are the deficiencies of vitamin A?

Answer 11

Corneal drying (xerosis), Triangular gray-foamy spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), Softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), Corneal degeneration and blindness
(xerophthalmia), Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), epithelial cells failing to differentiate, bone deterioration, Hyperkeratosis.

Question 12

Know the risk of vitamin A toxicity

Answer 12

Birth defects and permanent damage to
the liver, bones and eyes

Question 13

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 13

Build and maintain bones, assist with acid-base balance, transmission of nerve impulses, and assist in muscle contraction.

Question 14

What is the function of folate?

Answer 14

involved in DNA synthesis, and AA metabolism, Critical for cell division of very early embryos

Question 15

Which vitamin can be made by the human body?

Answer 15

Vitamin D

Question 16

what are the risk factors for osteomalacia?

Answer 16

Older adults, people with kidney, liver, or GI diseases, and low sun exposure

Question 17

Which vitamin can be produced by intestinal bacteria?

Answer 17

Vitamin K

Question 18

natural food sources of vitamin D

Answer 18

Fish liver oils, fatty fish, milk, ready to eat cereals, orange juice, and margarine.

Question 19

What are the main functions of water in the human body?

Answer 19

Solvent, waste removal, lubricates tissues, temperature regulation, digestion.

Question 20

Why is intrinsic factor important?

Answer 20

It’s what helps absorb Vitamin B12

Question 21

If we expose milk to light what nutrient does it degrade?

Answer 21

Vitamin A

Question 22

What are good sources of vitamin K?

Answer 22

Green leafy vegetables, Soybean and canola oils, Margarine and salad dressings, Liver, Intestinal production

Question 23

What is the function of vitamin K?

Answer 23

Blood Clotting factors and bone-building proteins

Question 24

What is the function of B vitamins?

Answer 24

releasing energy from carbohydrates and fat to breaking down amino acids and transporting oxygen and energy-containing nutrients around the body.

Question 25

What cooking method can lead to loss of water soluble items?

Answer 25

Boiling

Question 26

Vitamin C enhances the production of what mineral?

Answer 26

Iron

Question 27

Major minerals

Answer 27

Calcium, Chloride, magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, sulfur

Question 28

The signs of pellegra

Answer 28

Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, death

Question 29

What are the side effects of excess alcohol consumption?

Answer 29

dehydration

Question 30

What are the ways the the body gets rid of water?

Answer 30

Sweat, Exhaling, Urine, and Feces

Question 31

What are good sources of calcium which are highly bio available?

Answer 31

Animal products

Question 32

What are the risk factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 32

White or Asian ancestry, Smoking, Low estrogen (women) or testosterone (men) levels, sedentary lifestyle or bed-confinement

Question 33

What minerals help the body with fluid balance?

Answer 33

Sodium and potassium

Question 34

What is the cutoff for hypertension?

Answer 34

140/90

Question 35

What is the primary location for vitamin absorption?

Answer 35

Small intestine

Question 36

What are good food sources of Iron?

Answer 36

Dairy

Question 37

Which group of people have a high risk for magnesium deficiency?

Answer 37

Alcoholics, uncontrolled diabetics, elderly and medications that increase urine output

Question 38

What are the functions of Selenium?

Answer 38

Antioxidant, Sparing vitamin E, Production of thyroxine

Question 39

What's the drug classification of alcohol?

Answer 39

depressant

Question 40

What are the sizes of standard drinks?

Answer 40

13-14g of ETOH: 12oz beer or wine cooler, 5oz of wine, 1 1/2 oz of liquor

Question 41

What are the negative effects of excess alcohol?

Answer 41

heart and liver failure

Question 42

What classification does selenium fall into?

Answer 42

Free radical fighters

Question 43

Where do we get most of our sodium in the American diet?

Answer 43

Processed foods

Question 44

What is the function of antioxidants?

Answer 44

They protect cells from damage from certain environmental factors such as oxidation.

Question 45

What is tolerance?

Answer 45

Prior drinking history causes your liver to adjust to usual ETOH amounts consumed

Question 46

What are good food sources of beta caratine?

Answer 46

Fruits and vegetables that are red, orange, yellow, and deep green.

Question 47

What are good food sources of Vitamin E?

Answer 47

Sunflower seeds – Almonds – Plant oils (sunflower, safflower, olive) – Margarine – Salad dressings

Question 48

What is the effect of excess fluoride intake?

Answer 48

Fluorosis; it creates porous tooth enamel, teeth become stained and pitted.

Question 49

What are good food sources of potassium?

Answer 49

Banana, tomato, and orange juice