Exam 3 review

Question 1

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?
a. Limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount
b. Influence of temperature on competition among plants
c. Influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers
d. Effects of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity
e. Effect of humidity on plant growth rates

Answer 1

Effects of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity

Question 2

Which of the following is true about chordates at some point in their development?
a. They have a post-anal tail
b. They have a dorsal hollow nerve cord
c. They have a notochord
d. They have pharyngeal slits/pouches

Answer 2

They have a post-anal tail, They have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, They have a notochord , They have pharyngeal slits/pouches

Question 3

Choose all that apply for Annelida:

Answer 3

True Coelom, Bilateral Symmetry, Segmentation, Protostome, Triploblast, Earthworms and other segmented worms

Question 4

An organism characterized as being a mushroom, but also part of the group that includes rusts and shelf varieties

Answer 4

Basidiamycota

Question 5

Organisms such as morels and truffles are in this group

Answer 5

Ascomycota

Question 6

Bread mold and fruit rotting in your fridge is most likely caused by this group

Answer 6

Zygomycota

Question 7

Many plants form associations with members of this strictly mycorrhizal fungal group

Answer 7

Glomeromycota

Question 8

Can form mycorrhizal associations, can be part of lichen, and includes unicellular fungal organism, for example, yeast

Answer 8

Ascomycota

Question 9

About 70% of all fungi belong to this group, which can cause disease, have diverse habitats, and form spores in sacs

Answer 9

Ascomycota

Question 10

Found commonly in freshwater environments, have enzymes that digest cellulose, and have a flagellated state called a zoospore

Answer 10

Chytridiomycota

Question 11

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem?
a. The ecosystem’s rate of primary production
b. The production efficiency of the ecosystem’s consumers
c. The rate of decomposition in the ecosystem
d. The trophic efficiency of the ecosystem
e. The location of the nutrient reservoirs in the ecosystem

Answer 11

The rate of decomposition in the ecosystem

Question 12

Choose all that apply for Platyhelminthes:

Answer 12

Aceolamate, Bilateral Symmetry, Protostome, Triploblast, Planaria, tapeworm and other flatworms

Question 13

A taxonomic group which contains the common ancestor and all of its descendants is known as:

Answer 13

Monophyletic

Question 14

Choose all that apply for Chordata:

Answer 14

True Coelom, Bilateral Symmetry, Segmentation, Deuterostome, Triploblast, Amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, lancelets, tunicates

Question 15

Which characteristic limits size of plants?

Answer 15

Lack of vascular tissues

Question 16

The tangled mass of branched filaments that typically forms the fungal body below the ground is called _______________________ and is made of many _______________________.

Answer 16

Mycelium; hyphae

Question 17

_________________ are organisms that have extra-embryonic membranes, whereas ____________________ are organisms that lay their eggs in water and so lack extra-embryonic membranes, but have yolk.

Answer 17

Amniotes; non-amniotes

Question 18

The naked mole rat can regulate its temperature internally, so it is a(n) _____________________________, but it also fluctuates its body temperature according to its burrow, so it may also be classified as a(n) ____________________

Answer 18

Endotherm; heterotherm

Question 19

Many plants can associate with a type of fungus called, ______________________, which increases surface area for nutrient and water absorption. Fungi of this type are found in most fungal phyla.

Answer 19

Mycorrhizae

Question 20

Which marine ecosystem has the highest net primary production?

Answer 20

Algal beds and coral reefs/or kelp forests and coral reefs

Question 21

Which ecosystem accounts for the highest percentage of the Earth’s net primary production despite its own low average net primary production?

Answer 21

Oceans

Question 22

A tightly co-evolved association between fungi and algae results in a unique type of organism called a(n):

Answer 22

Lichen

Question 23

Choose all that apply for Mollusca:

Answer 23

True Coelom, Bilateral Symmetry, Protostome, Triploblast, Clams, oysters, snails, squid, etc.

Question 24

Of the following, which is a seedless plant, with motile sperm and no vascular tissues?
a. Liverworts
b. Mosses
c. Ferns
d. Horsetails
e. Cycads
f. Ginkos

Answer 24

Liverworts and mosses

Question 25

Choose all that apply for Porifera:

Answer 25

Assymetrical, Sponges

Question 26

Which of following names of organisms follows the proper conventions of binomial nomenclature as first detailed by Linnaeus?

Answer 26

Enhydra lutris (sea otter)

Question 27

Which of the following has an anapsid skull type: a. Crocodile b. Turtle c. Bird d. Wolf e. Salamander

Answer 27

Turtle

Question 28

From the base of plant productivity, about how much of the biomass (energy) of each trophic level is passed on to the next-higher level?

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

Pine trees belong to the group:

Answer 29

Gymnosperma

Question 30

Choose all that apply for Echinodermata:

Answer 30

True Coelom, Radial Symmetry (adults), Bilateral Symmetry (larvae), Deuterostome, Triploblast, Sea stars, sea urchins, etc.

Question 31

Of the following organisms, which is most likely to secrete uric acid? a. Fish b. Amphibian c. Mammal d. Bird e. Reptile

Answer 31

Bird and reptile

Question 32

Choose all that apply for Nematoda:

Answer 32

Pseudocoelom, Bilateral Symmetry, Protostome, Triploblast, Roundworms

Question 33

The life cycle for organisms in the group Pteridophyta will have a diploid multicellular structure called the [1.]. This structure will undergo a process of cell division called [2.] to produce the [3.]. Subsequently, another round of cell division called [4.] happens to produce a haploid multicellular structure called the [5.], which undergoes [6.] to produce the [7.]. For this organism, it spends most of its life cycle as [8.]. By comparison, an organism belonging to the Zygomycota, spends most of its life cycle as [9.], and an organism belonging to Aves spends most of its life cycle as [10.].

Answer 33

1. sporophyte 2. meiosis 3. spores 4. mitosis 5. gametophyte 6. mitosis 7. gametes 8. equal time as haploid and diploid 9. haploid 10. diploid

Question 34

Pteridophytes are limited to areas that are moist due to their:

Answer 34

Motile sperm

Question 35

Choose all that apply for Cnidaria:

Answer 35

Radial Symmetry, Diploblast, Jelly fish, corals, sea anemones, etc.

Question 36

A rabbit eats plant material, such as grasses, equal to 500J of energy and 250J goes to feces, 150J goes to cellular respiration. How much energy is assimilated by the rabbit? What is the Net Secondary Production? What is the Net Primary Production in this scenario? What is the Production Efficiency in this scenario?

Answer 36

250; 100; 500; 100/250

Question 37

Choose all that apply for Arthropoda:

Answer 37

True Coelom, Bilateral Symmetry, Segmentation, Protostome, Triploblast, Insects, crustaceans, arachnids

Question 38

Of the following, which organism has the most varied modes of pollination and houses seeds within an ovary? a. Bryophytes b. Pteridophytes c. Gymnosperms d. Angiosperms

Answer 38

Angiosperms

Question 39

Ciliated organisms that are known for having mutualistic relationships with termites by living in their guts to help them digest tough materials like cellulose are best described as a(n):

Answer 39

Protist

Question 40

Thick, slimy algae blooms covered Lake Erie once again last week, stretching for more than 700 square miles. Such bright-colored blooms have increased in size and frequency since the 2000s, mostly because of heavy fertilizer use on nearby agricultural land. Rain causes the fertilizer to run off the land into rivers that empty into Lake Erie. This best describes:

Answer 40

Eutrophication

Question 41

Look over questions 10, 14, 15, 16, 20, & 28

Answer 41

To-do

Question 42

Ecosystem

Answer 42

A system of multiple communities along with their chemical and physical environments

Question 43

Energetic hypothesis

Answer 43

limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain; 10% energy transfer from one trophic level to the next: a 10-fold energy loss for each level up the chain

Question 44

Gross primary production (GPP)

Answer 44

The amount of light energy that is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis per unit time.

Question 45

Net primary production (NPP)

Answer 45

GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for cellular respiration (R).

Question 46

Production Efficiency=

Answer 46

Net secondary production / assimilation of primary production

Question 47

Eutrophication

Answer 47

Influx of nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing fertilizers in freshwater lakes

Question 48

Taxonomy

Answer 48

Hierarchical system involving successive levels; based on similarities and differences

Question 49

Classification scheme for humans

Answer 49

Domain- Eukarya Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Subphylum- vertebrata Class- Mammalia Order- Primata Family- Hominidae Genus- Homo Species- sapiens

Question 50

Shared primitive character

Answer 50

Trait shared with a distant common ancestor

Question 51

Shared derived character

Answer 51

Trait shared by a group of organisms but not shared by a distant common ancestor

Question 52

In-group

Answer 52

The group we’re interested in studying; closely related

Question 53

Out-group

Answer 53

The species or group of species most closely related to the in-group but not as related as those in the in-group; diverged prior to the rest of the organisms in the in-group