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Exam 3 shit Flashcards

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1
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Causes Tularemia, transmitted by ticks (usually dermacentor) from wild rabbits, hasheat stable and heat labile toxin at 4 degrees Celsius

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2
Q

Characteristics of Tularemia

A

Ulcero-glandular most common, ulcero-glandular, glandular, pneumonic, typhoid are others. Treat with aminoglycosides like streptomycin. REPORTABLE. Can be confused with plague

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3
Q

Actinobacillus equuli

A

Causes Sleepy Foal disease, foals are lethargic because of infection that goes to the CNS and brain. Endotoxin is the virulence factor

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4
Q

Sleepy Foal disease is caused by

A

Actinobacillus equuli

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5
Q

RB51 vaccine

A

Live vaccine so it has an abortion risk, used for Brucella abortus (can cause Bang’s disease), vaccine is avirulent because there is no “O” side chain of the LPS, causes cell-mediated immunity

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6
Q

Sterne vaccine

A

For Bacillus anthracis, the disease caused is anthrax, avirulent because it lacks a capsule due to the loss of plasmid (no pXO2), leads to humoral immunity

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7
Q

Swine dysentery

A

Caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Leads to mucus and blood in the feces. Mostly affects the colon. Classic sign is the hemorrhagic necrotic intestinal mucosa. Use Carbadox to treat. Hemolysin is virulence factor

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8
Q

Brachyspira hyodystenteriae

A

Gram - spiral shaped, causes swine dysentery, affects the colon, causes mucohemorrhagic feces, has hemolysin as a virulence factor

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9
Q

Swine proliferative enteritis

A

Caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. Ileum is affected. Can see hypoproteinemia diarrhea. Enterocyte proliferation leads to a thickened mucosa with a cerebriform pattern. Use Tiamulin to treat. Lawsonia Surface Antigen A is a virulence factor.

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10
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Obligate intracellular pathogen. Gram - curved rod. Has lawsonia surface antigen A as a virulence factor. Causes swine proliferative enteritis.

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11
Q

Actinomyces suis

A

Causes UTIs in sows that has foul smelling urine. Older sows get it more frequently because they are in stalls that have an increased fecal contamination, decreased water consumption, infrequent urination. Passed venerally, has urease as a virulence factor. Usually in swine. Is a Gram + rod that is anaerobic.

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12
Q

UTI in sows

A

Caused by Actinomyces suis. Has foul smelling urine and usually found in older sows. Urease is the main virulence factor that raises the pH and allows for survival of the organism

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13
Q

Corynebacterium renale

A

Mostly in cattle, Gram + curved rod with a club shaped swelling on one or both ends, found in the soil. Has urease as a virulence factor. Causes pyelonephritis or hemorrhagic cystitis.

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14
Q

Pyelonephritis/hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Caused by Corynebacterium renale, has urease as a virulence factor. Found in the soil.

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15
Q

Helicobacter felis

A

Commonly found in both dogs and cats. Causes gastritis. Have flagella for motility to the mucous surface, urease to raise the pH to promote bacterial growth, and mucinase to break down the mucus lining of the cell surface. Signs include intermittent vomiting, anorexia, dehydration. Take a gastric biopsy and do a PCR or perform a urease test on the sample.

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16
Q

Gastritis in small animals

A

Caused most likely by Helicobacter felis. Signs are intermittent vomiting, anorexia, and dehydration. Take a gastric biopsy sample and do a urease test to confirm.

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17
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Caseous lymphadenitis disease. In sheep or goats. Has phospholipase D as a virulence factor. Also called pigeon fever because of the abscesses in the pectoral region for horses

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18
Q

Pigeon fever

A

caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Characteristic signs include abscesses on the pectoral region.

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19
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Causes erysipelas in pigs, erysipeloid in humans. Characteristic diamond skin lesions that are directly correlated to how far the disease has progressed. Virulence factors are the capsule and neuraminidase. Is gram + and produces hydrogen sulfide. Chronic form characterized by polyarthritis and endocarditis.

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20
Q

Erysipelas

A

Disease in pigs caused by E. rhusiopathiae. It is characterized by diamond skin lesions that directly determine outcome of disease, this is the acute form. Recovery using penicillin. Chronic form is characterized by polyarthritis and endocarditis

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21
Q

Erysipeloid

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A

Disease in humans. Three forms: localized cutaneous, generalized cutaneous, septicemic. Also called Fish Handler’s disease. Treat with penicillin

22
Q

Camylobacter fetus fetus

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A

Called campylobacteriosis. In cattle, uses endotoxin for virulence. Transmitted orally. Liver on necropsy has tan to red foci that look like a target. Oxidase +. Causes abortion storms in sheep.

23
Q

Chocolate agar

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A

Produces V factor (NAD) which is heat labile. If fresh blood not used, add V factor. Haemophilus grows around a streak of S. aureus because it provides the nutrients needed to grow on blood agar. It’s called a satellite phenomenon. X factor is called heme, is released from RBC and inactivates NADase. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

24
Q

RTX toxin

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A

Hemolysin found in Moraxella bovis and some species of Actinobacillus (suis and pleuropneumoniae), as well as Mannheimia.

25
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis
Caused by Moraxella bovis. In cattle, also called pink eye. Predisposing factors include stress or vitamin A deficiency. Mode of transmission can be from face flies. Vision is always impaired in the acute phase
26
Moraxella bovis
Gram -, diplobacillus, strict aerobe. causes Infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Can be transmitted through direct contact and through face flies. Predisposing factors are UV light, vitamin A deficiency, or pollen. Has pili and hemolysin.
27
Pasteurella multocida
Causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Signs include continuous sneezing, bloody nasal discharge, coughing, other respiratory problems. Has a dermonecrotic factor. Disease can involve B. bronchiseptica. If in rabbits, called Snuffles (clinical signs are upper respiratory problems, otitis) Also Fowl cholera, which is acute septicemic condition that leads to an inflammation of serous membranes
28
Atrophic rhinitis
Caused by P. multocida, in pigs. Signs are continuous sneezing, bloody nasal discharge, other respiratory problems. Also caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. Usually in 3-8 week old pigs. Lacrimal ducts occluded
29
Glasser's disease
Caused by Haemophilus parasuis. Signs are polyserositis, CNS involvement, sudden onset. Major predisposing factor is stress.
30
What are the Gram + bacteria
All Bitches Acting Erratic Listen Carefully Right? Arcanobacterium, Bacillus, Actinomyces, Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus
31
Thrombo-embolic Meningoencephalitis
Also called Sleeper's disease. Caused by Hisophilus somni, has endotoxin for virulence. Signs are vasculitis or thrombi in brain. In cattle or sheep
32
Contagious Equine Metritis
Taylorella equigenitalis causes this. Transmitted venereally. Signs are purulent, thick discharge from the mare's vagina but the stallion has NO clinical signs
33
Turkey Coryza
Caused by Bordetella avium. Signs include upper respiratory signs, nasal discharge, sneezing. Conduct sensitivity test due to the plasmids. Has endotoxin and tracheal cytotoxin
34
Wooden Tongue
Caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii. In catle, characterized by lesions of the tongue or oral mucosa that causes tongue to become stiff and hard and eating/drinking is difficult. Treat with iodides.
35
Pleuropneumonia
Caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In pigs, causes conslidation in lungs so on necropsy that have dark to red areas. Difficult to treat and test. Serofibrinous pleuritis and fibrinous pneumonia. Has capsules, siderophores, pili for virulence factors. Trauma or stress happens before disease.
36
Listeria monocytogenes
Called listeriosis, can lead to abortion, affect brain and damage nerves. Mostly in dairy cows. Have listeriolysin for a virulence factor to escape phagosome. Have umbrella motility. Visceral in young. Sheep have fever and encephalitis. Public health concern. Top 4 forms are meningoencephalitis, abortion, generalized septicemia, mastitis. Perivascular cuffing is a huge sign. Treatment is expensive and still can be shed in milk.
37
Rhodococcus equi
Pneumonia in foals 4-12 weeks, mesenteric lymphadenitis in horses, Virulence Associated Proteins with an unknown role, from soil, does NOT involve lymph nodes in the head
38
Campylobacter jejuni
Food borne gastroenteritis, get it from undercooked chicken, enterotoxin causes an increase in cAMP which leads to fluid loss via diarrhea.
39
Campylobacter coli
Food borne gastroenteritis, from undercooked pork
40
Brucellosis
Brucella canis by oral mode of transmission, causes epididymitis in males and late stage abortion in females, take samples from vaginal fluid or seminal fluid, don't treat because treatment is expensive and have a low success rate, quarantine healthy instead and euthanize the sick. Called Malta/Undulant fever in humans instead. Class free means that there is no sign of brucella detected in herds or if there is, theherd has been quarantined and an individual herd plan developed based on epidemiology. Test the blood from market livestock, do milk ring agglutination test
41
New Duck Disease
Caused by Riemeralle anatipestifer. Also called infectious serositis
42
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Causes air sacculitis in birds, predominant A serotype, administration of chlortetracycline in feed
43
Shipping Fever
Caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and possible Pasteurella multocida. Also caused Bovine Respiratory Disease. Associated with stress. Detect serotypes by indirect hemoagglutination test. Uses endotoxin as virulence factor. Treat with tetracycline, only if prior to lung complications.
44
Anthrax
Caused by Bacillus anthracis. Uses capsule and exotoxins as virulence factors. Are Gram + rods in long chains in culture or short chains in tissue. Cattle are the most susceptible and get it from ingestion. To confirm, take small amount of blood from the ear vein. Has medusa head colonies
45
What are the B. anthracis exotoxins?`
Edema factor, Protective antigen, Lethal toxin. Lethal toxin is a zinc metalloenzyme. Edema factor and Protective antigen form a toxin and Protective antigen and lethal toxin form another. PA is used as a transporter and binds to the receptor to allow entry by the others. Together they are called a tripartite toxin. In twos called binary toxin.
46
Camplyobacter fetus veneralis
Gram - curved rods. Causes infertility. Transmitted venereally, has endotoxin as a virulence factor, localizes in the anterior region of the vagina and invades fallopian tubes. Leads to endometritis and salpingitis and eventually early embryonic death
47
Which ones are coccobacillus?
Actinobacillus, Moraxella, Pasteurella, Bordetella
48
What are Helicobacters divided into?
Gastric (produce urease) and Enterohepatic (do not produce urease) groups
49
Helicobacter pylori
Causes gastritis in humans. Virulence factors are urease and motility. Maintenance factors allow for survival in the gastric lumen. Pathogenic factors allow for disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier
50
Kennel cough
Caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. Signs/lesions include cough, pneumonia, respiratory problems. Associated with adenovirus.

Bacteriology (6 decks)

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