Exam 3 (skin) Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
What is impetigo?
A
- Begins as reddish macule, then becomes vesicular – exudate dries to form heavy, honey-colored crusts
- Usually due to staphylocccus or streptococcus
Most common in warm, humid regions - Often secondary infection occurs from scratching
2
Q
How do you prevent impetigo from spreading?
A
Contagious
contact precautions
handwashing
separate towels ,clothes ,bed, bed linens
cover for school
determine if family affected
3
Q
Treatment for impetigo
A
- Most resolve without treatment
- Antibiotics-recurrent or extensive infection
- Topicals- mupirocin or Bactroban
- Cool compresses
- Watch for S/S of cellulitis and other systemic infections
4
Q
What is cellulitis
A
Infection / inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue
5
Q
Signs and symptoms of cellulitis
A
- Expanding red, painful area of swelling
- Possible signs of systemic illness (lymphadenopathy, red streaking, fever)
6
Q
Treatment for cellulitis
A
- Oral antibiotics for uncomplicated cases
- Hospitalization / IV antibiotics for systemic illness
- I/D of abscesses
- Warm compresses
- Fever and pain management
- Educate family on home care of lesion
7
Q
What is scalded skin syndrome
A
- Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus
- Presents with an erythematous sandpaper rash followed by bullae
8
Q
Treatment of scalded skin syndrome
A
Systemic antibiotics
Burrow solution
Silver nitrate compresses
9
Q
Complications of scalded skin syndrome
A
fluid loss secondary infection and septicemia
10
Q
What is HSV?
A
- Caused by HSV 1 or 2
- Groups of vesicles with erythematous bases on lips, nose, genitalia, or buttocks
- Aggravated by stress and steroid use
- Fatal for those with immunocompromise
11
Q
Management of HSV
A
avoid secondary infection, Burrow solution, oral antivirals
12
Q
What is candidiasis
A
- Oral (thrush), vaginal, in skin folds, diaper rash, systemic
-Often occurs after antibiotic use
13
Q
Management of candidiasis
A
- Anti-fungals
- Nystatin swish and swallow AFTER feed or topically to affected skin areas
14
Q
What is tinea capitis
A
Round red patch of alopecia
15
Q
What is Tinea corporis (ringworm)
A
- Circular red ring lesion, scaly patch, usually unilateral
- Treat with oral griseofulvin or topical antifungals
16
Q
What is Tinea versicolor
A
Scaly oval macular patches that are hypo or hyperpigmented
17
Q
What is Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot)
A
- Common in teens, adults
- Peeling, redness, burning, itching fissures between toes
18
Q
Clinical management of contact dermatitis
A
- Varies form mild inflammation and redness to papulo-vesicular lesions with edema
- Itching
19
Q
Home management contact dermatitis
A
- Eliminate irritant or allergen
- Management of itching
- Prevention of secondary infection
20
Q
What is poison ivy?
A
- Due to urushiol (oil found in all parts of plant)
- Animals can’t get poison ivy rash, can carry oil on fur
21
Q
Management of poison ivy
A
- Wash/flush exposed area with cold water, mild soap
- Same as contact dermatitis
22
Q
What is atopic dermatitis (Eczema)
A
- Often have red, dry, scaly areas of skin
- No cure, most outgrow disorder or have decreased symptoms
23
Q
Management of Eczema
A
- Hydrate skin! Emollients
after bathing to trap moisture - Avoid excessive bathing
- Maintaining skin integrity
24
Q
Treatment of eczema
A
- Topical steroids
- Antihistamines may be used:
diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine
25
What is acne?
Increased activity of sebaceous glands, increase sebum production, formation of comedones and overgrowth of P. acnes
26
Peak ages of acne
Boys 17-18
Girls 16-17
Can occur as early as 10 y/o
27
Management of acne
- Reduce bacteria (P.acnes) by washing twice daily
- Decrease sebum production
- Normalize skin shedding
- Eliminate inflammation by eating a healthy diet, getting adequate rest and avoiding ‘picking’
28
Management of animal bites
- Irrigate with copious amounts NS
- Debride wound, possibly suture
- Tetanus & Rabies protocol
- Assess for signs of infection
29
S/s of lyme disease
Rash, target lesion at site of bite (erythema migrans)
Initial: fever, malaise, HA, muscle/joint pain
Systemic s/s may occur weeks to months later
30
Treatment of lyme disease
- Oral antibiotics for 1ˢᵗ stage-doxycycline for patients >8yrs
- IV antibiotics for advanced cases
31
Prevention of lyme disease
- wear light-colored clothing
- tuck in pant legs
- long sleeved shirt
- bare skin check after hikes
32
What is scabies
Caused by tiny mite, burrows underneath skin (p. 1063)
Eggs and feces under skin produce inflammatory response
Spread by personal contact
33
Treatment for scabies
- Permetherin leave on 8-12H
- Lindane leave on 6-8 H
- Apply neck to toe (avoid face)
- Wash all bedding and treat all family members
34
What is pediculosis
AKA head lice
Very common in school-age children
Do NOT jump or fly
NOT indicative of poor hygiene
Female lays eggs (nits) close to base of hair shaft
Eggs hatch in 6-10 days
Adults appear 2-3 weeks later
35
Medications for head lice
- Permethrin (Nix) - leave on for 10 minutes, reapply in 10 days if needed
- Pyrethrins – apply for 10 minutes, MUST re-apply in 7-10 days
- Lindane – neurotoxic (don’t use in children <2 years)
36
Home management of lice
- Remove all nits with fine comb
- Machine wash bedding, clothing , towels in hot water and dry hot for 20 min
- Place non-washables in plastic bag for at least 5 days-2 weeks
- Inspect all family members
- Child may return to school after one treatment
37
Varicella (Chicken pox): transmission, incubation, communicability
- Transmission: Direct contact, Airborne, contaminated objects
- Incubation:2-3 weeks (14 -16 days)
- Period of communicability: 1 day before the eruption of lesion and 6 days after 1ˢᵗ crop of vesicles.
38
Medication tx for varicella
Tx: antiviral ,Acyclovir
Symptom management: Benadryl for itching
39
Nursing care for varicella
- Maintain contact and airborne precautions until ALL lesions are scabbed
- Keep home from school/daycare all susceptible people until all vesicles are scabbed (usually 1 week after onset)
