Exam 3 Study Questions

Question 1

What are the 3 oral medications that a person can take for diabetes?

Answer 1

Metformin, glipizide, glimepiride

Question 2

Rapid-acting

Answer 2

• Onset 10-30 minutes, peak 3-5 hours, administer before meals
• Inslulin lispro (Humalog), insulin aspart (Novolog), insulin glulisine (Epidra)

Question 3

Short-Acting

Answer 3

• Onset 30-60 minutes, peak up to 12 hours, administer before meals
• Regular Insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)

Question 4

Intermediate Acting

Answer 4

• Onset 1.5-4 hours, peak up to 24 hours, administer for glycemic control between meals and at night
• NPH insulin

Question 5

Long Acting

Answer 5

• Onset 45 minutes – 4 hours, peak up to 24 hours, administer once daily at the same time
• Insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levimir)

Question 6

What is included in the first line of defense?

Answer 6

Skin, mucous membranes

Question 7

What is included in the second line of defense?

Answer 7

Phagocytes, natural killer T-lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages

Question 8

What is included in the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 8

B-lymphocytes, t-lymphocytes (specific immunity)

Question 9

What are organs of the immune system?

Answer 9

Thymus gland, adenoids, tonsils, spleen, appendix

Question 10

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 10

Antibodies: formed after a B-lymphocyte encounters and engulfs an antigen and then interacts with helper t-lymphocytes. The B-Lymphocytes then produce identical copies of the antibody.

Question 11

IgG

Answer 11

Primary Immunoglobin found in the blood

Question 12

IgD

Answer 12

found within the cell membrane of B lymphocytes

Question 13

IgE

Answer 13

Responsible for allergy symptoms

Question 14

IgA

Answer 14

Protects entrances of the body

Question 15

IgM:

Answer 15

Remains in the blood

Question 16

What are some symptoms and clinical findings of suppressed immune function?

Answer 16

Repor of frequent infections, report of poor wound healing, fatigue, malaise, weight loss, may appear malnourished or wasting, chronic wounds, enlarged lymph nodes, opportunistic infection

Question 17

Exaggerated Immune Finding:

Answer 17

allergic symptoms, Pain, fatigue, fever, allergic reactions, signs of autoimmune disorders

Question 18

Fat soluble Vitamins:

Answer 18

A,D,E,K

Question 19

Water Soluble

Answer 19

C, B vitamins, Thiamin, Riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic, biotin, folate, cobalamin.

Question 20

Major Minerals

Answer 20

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride.

Question 21

What does the Illeum Digest

Answer 21

Fat soluble vitamins

Question 22

What does the duodenum digest?

Answer 22

Minerals

Question 23

What does the jejunum digest?

Answer 23

Water soluble

Question 24

What does the colon digest?

Answer 24

Water

Question 25

What is considered a low BMI?

Answer 25

Less than 18.5

Question 26

What BMI is overweight

Answer 26

25-29.9

Question 27

Class I Obesity

Answer 27

30-34.9

Question 28

Class II Obesity

Answer 28

35-39.9

Question 29

Class III

Answer 29

BMI>40

Question 30

Childhood obesity and overweight percentiles?

Answer 30

Obese: >95, Overweight: 85-95

Question 31

C-Reactive Protein

Answer 31

Indicative of Inflammation somewhere in the body

Question 32

What does hemoglobin and hematocrit test:

Answer 32

Examines RBC, Iron, folate, and bitamin B12

Question 33

What does serum albumin measure?

Answer 33

Circulating protein in the blood

Question 34

Where to get B-12

Answer 34

Meat, low-fat cereal, cheese, eggs

Question 35

Where to get Vitamin A

Answer 35

Fish, dairy, cereal

Question 36

Which of the following terms best describes plant compounds that are thought to have health-protecting qualities? Examples include lutein and lycopene.

Answer 36

Phytochemical

Question 37

What causes dumping syndrome?

Answer 37

Gastric Bypass

Question 38

Normal after eating glucose

Answer 38

100-140

Question 39

angiopathy

Answer 39

Damage to blood vessels

Question 40

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia:

Answer 40

Thirsty, hungry, peeing often, dry skin, sleepy, blurry vision, infections or injuries slow to heal.

Question 41

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Answer 41

Shaky, fast heartrate, sweaty, dizzy or shaky, anxious, hungry, blurry vision, weak or tired, headache, nervous or upset

Question 42

Diabetic A1C

Answer 42

6.5% or greater

Question 43

Diabetic Tests

Answer 43

C-Reactive Protein, Lipid analysis, Antibody testing (fasting insulin,

Question 44

Acute Inflammatory response:

Answer 44

Injury- Release chemicals Vasodilation increased blood flow Swelling, (activated endothelial cells) Increased vascular permeability and plasma proteins Walling off Immune response cells come to the site. Exudate formation Glucose and oxygen move to the area Chemical Repair factors