Exam 3 Test Questions

Question 1

Biological species concept

Answer 1

Group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are isolated from other groups (No offspring)

Question 2

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Answer 2

Variation in sequenced genome is expressed in a phylogenetic tree

Question 3

Phenetic Species Concept

Answer 3

Cluster species into groups with individuals sharing similar characteristics

Question 4

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Answer 4

Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, gametic incompatibility

Question 5

What can a change of policy cause?

Answer 5

Instantaneous speciation, can reproduce itself

Question 6

What are distinguishing factors of the hominid line?

Answer 6

bipedalism and dentition

Question 7

Is genome size correlated with organismal complexity?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What generates linkage disequilibrium?

Answer 8

Drift, selection, mutation, migration

Question 9

If linkage disequilibrium is positive, recombination will generate what?

Answer 9

More repulsion pairs

Question 10

What does the breeder’s equation describe?

Answer 10

The relationship between selection differential between the population and the individuals chosen to breed the selective response

Question 11

Describe two factors associated with phenotypic complexity

Answer 11

Number of transcription factors, noncoding regions with regulatory functions

Question 12

Cline

Answer 12

Distribution of variation correlated with a geographic gradient

Question 13

Allopatric speciation

Answer 13

Evolution of isolation barriers between geographically isolated populations

Question 14

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 14

Rapid burst of speciation where different species become adapted to difference niches

Question 15

Environmental Variance

Answer 15

Variation among individuals in a phenotypic trait that is caused by variation in the environment

Question 16

Haldane’s Rule

Answer 16

Observation that inviability or sterility of hybrids is often restricted to the heterogametic sex

Question 17

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 17

Evolution of isolation barriers within a single initially random mating population

Question 18

Haplotype

Answer 18

Set of alleles one at each locus

Question 19

Parapatric speciation

Answer 19

Evolution of isolation barriers between spatially distinct populations that have some gene flow between them

Question 20

C-Value paradox

Answer 20

The observation that differences in genome size does not correlate with phenotypic complexity

Question 21

G-value paradox

Answer 21

The observation that despite seemingly large differences in organismal complexity, multicellular eukaryotes tend to have very similar numbers of protein coding genes

Question 22

Linkage disequilibrium

Answer 22

Statistical association of alleles at different loci

Question 23

Negative selection

Answer 23

Selective force that removes deleterious mutations from population

Question 24

Positive Selection

Answer 24

Selective force that favors beneficial mutations