Exam 3 Tutoring Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is wrong when there is a pacemaker spike followed by a flatline & how can this issue be fixed?
KNOW THIS!!!!…per Hayley
Failure to capture (heart isn’t reacting to the pacemaker that just fired)
FIX: ↑ milliamps
What are the signs & symptoms of a tension pneumothorax?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
- Tracheal deviation
- Dyspnea
- Accessory muscle use
- ↑ RR
How is a tension pneumothorax treated?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
Chest tube is placed to restore negative air pressure (pulls air out of pleural space)
What side would you turn the patient on who has diffuse disease (like pneumonia) throughout all of the left lung fields?
KNOW THIS!!!!…per Haylely
Place the patient with their good side down so that the bad side has time to rest / take a break
What is seen on an EKG in oversensing & undersensing?
KNOW THIS!!!…Per Hayley
Oversensing: long break with no pacer spike
Undersensing: random pacer spike in the QRS complex
How is undersensing fixed?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
You have to ↑ sensitivity **= ↓ millivolts)
How is oversensing fixed?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
need to decrease the sensitivity = ↑ millivolts
What is seen on an EKG in oversenesing? How is it fixed?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED
long break with no pacer spike
FIX: need to increase sensitivity by ↓ millivolts
What is seen on an EKG in undersensing? How is it fixed?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED ↑ ↓
IN RED
random pacer spikes in the QRS complex
FIX: need to decrease sensitivity by ↑ millivolts
What medications & risk factors can falsely change BNP labs?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
ARNIs = ↑ BNP
Females = ↑ BNP
- Obesity = ↓ BNP
What is the twin epidemic?
The number of patients with A-Fib & Heart Failure in the US are going up at the same time
What is Allen’s Test?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
Used to see if the ulnar artery is providing blood supply to the hand to determine if the radial artery an be used
What does a Swan Ganz catheter measure?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
Measures pulmonary artery
- Measures O2 sat. in pulmonary artery
- Measures cardiac output
What is Virchow’s Triad & what does it indicate?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED
- Vessel injury
- Venous stenosis
- Hypercoaguability
Increased risk for PE
How can a pulmonary embolism cause right-sided heart failure?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED
Pulmonary hypertension leads to ↑ afterload causing heart failure
What are 2 signs of impending death in a patient with status asthmaticus?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED ↑ ↓
- CO2 > 70 (↑ CO2 & ↓ PO2)
- Silent Chest (no air movement)
What does the chest x-ray in a patient with ARDS look like?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED ↑ ↓
1.) First the x-ray appears normal
2.) It slowly progresses to white out (fluid) as the patient progresses through the stages of ARDS
What does SIADH lead to in cancer patients and why?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED ↑ ↓
↓ Na+ due to↑ ADH (from increased fluid)
What is Kayexalate?
Removes potassium in cancer patients
What is the normal range for cardiac output?
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED
4 - 8 liters (based on BMI)
What can cause decreased & increased preload?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
- ↑ preload = due to ↑ fluid
- ↓ preload = due to hemorrhagic shock or bleeding
What can cause increased or decreased contractility?
KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
- ↑ Contractility = due to posoitive inotrope (like dobutamine)
- ↓ Contractility = due to negative inotrope or acidosis
What can cause increased or decreased afterload?
**KNOW THIS!!!…per Hayley
- ↑ afterload = due to HTN
- ↓ afterload = due to sepsis
List treatments for pulmonary edema
KNOW THIS!!!…IN RED
- Diuretics (decrease fluid)
- Ventilation / supplemental O2
- Suction (of frothy sputum)
- Fluid restrictions
- Regular turning & prone position
