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Priniclpes Of Anesthesia > Exam 3 - ultrasound > Flashcards

Exam 3 - ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

Linear array skin line appears

A

straight

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2
Q

Curved linear array, skin line appears

A

curved

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3
Q

Phased array is good for

A

putting in lines

best acustic window while viewing deeper structures

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4
Q

For best ultrasound view, you should

A

Use highest resolution (highest frequency) that still allows optimal viewing of anatomy desired

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5
Q

The 5 key points of image optimization in ultrasound

A
  1. Gel - seals for sound waves
  2. egronomics
  3. Ensure tranducer is flat and perpendicular to skin
  4. Aquire target at appropriate depth and in center screen
  5. Adjust gain to provide even contrast throughout the image
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6
Q

In short axis, transducer should be oriented

A

to patients right

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7
Q

In long axis, transducer should be oriented

A

to patient’s head

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8
Q

Optimal position for holding probe

A

at base like a pencil

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9
Q

Perpendicular is preferred over angled (probe position) except in

A

visualizing nerves

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10
Q

Ultrasound nerve visualization (depth and focal zone)

A

Depth: focus no more than 0.5 cm below target

Focal zone: 2-3 cm

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11
Q

goal of gain adjustment

A

contrast uniformity

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12
Q

gain MOA

A

amplifies returning echos

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13
Q

Doppler use

A

Identification of presence of blood flow

*especially important in protecting from inadvertent injection into blood vessel (especially above clavicle)

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14
Q

5 Transducer movements

A
  1. Sliding
  2. Tilting
  3. Rocking
  4. Rotating
  5. Compressing
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15
Q

Sliding use

A

ID of optimal block location

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16
Q

Rocking use

A

Correct air artifact

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17
Q

Tilting use

A

correct anisotrophy (artifact)

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18
Q

Anisotrphy definition and correction

A

Ultrasound beam is abosrbed d/t angulation of probe->structure

correct by tilting

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19
Q

Rotating

A

allows adjustment to scanning plane

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20
Q

Pressure/ Compression

A

decreases distance to target and helps target focal point

21
Q

How to optimize image(acronym)

A

P.A.R.T
Pressure
Alignment
Rotating
Tilting

22
Q

Rotation of probe is

A

fine tuning, hold like a pencil

23
Q

Tilting allows for

A

perpendicular arrangement with underlying target, maximizes number of returning echos

24
Q

Nerves in periphery appear as

A

honeycomb in cross section (not brachial plexus as much)

25
Q

Tendons appear

A

similar to nerves, become flat and disappear when followed toward muscle belly

26
Q

Vascular structures appear

A

anechoic circular structures in cross section (tubular in long view)

27
Q

Adipose appears

A

Hypoechoic with streaks of irregular hyperechoic lines

28
Q

Pluero/air apears

A

thin hyperchoic lines

lung is hyPOechoic with reverberation

29
Q

Cysts appear

A

Similar to vascular, hypoechoic (black) in longtitudinal view

30
Q

Bone appears

A

Hyperechoic (white) liner structure with shadowing underneath

31
Q

Hypoechoic

A

black/grey

32
Q

hyperechoic

A

white

33
Q

anechoic

A

black

34
Q

Muscle appearance

A

feather like in longtitudinal view

starry night in cross section

35
Q

Attenuation is

A

shadowing (dark area beneath tissue) as intensity of sound wave decreases when it passes through tissue

36
Q

Attenuation correction

A

adjust gain

37
Q

Scattering appearance and cause

A

appearance: dark anechoic appearance

Cause: no sound waves returned (identifies fluid filled)

38
Q

Air artifact cause and fix

A

cause: Transducer does not fully contact skin

fix: add gel and pressure, rocking

39
Q

Reverberation aka

A

mirroring

40
Q

reverberation- what is it and cause

A

sound wave bouncing back and forth

cause: strength of echo is decreasing resulting in what looks like multiple needles

41
Q

To rule out plaque or or nerves in hyperchoic intima:

A

Turn transducer longtitudinally, get nerve scan

42
Q

Specular reflection occurs on

A

long smooth surfaces

reflection is in singular direction

43
Q

Diffuse reflection occurs on

A

uneven surfaces

reflection is multiple directions

44
Q

Optimizing needle visualization - needle sould be

A

parallel to transducer

45
Q

Optimizing needle visualization - at insertion site:

A

indent skin

46
Q

Optimizing needle visualization: Transducer

A

Heeling of transducer

47
Q

Optimizing needle tip other (2):

A
  1. hydrolocation (small amount of dextrose or local is injected into tissues
  2. Peripheral nerve stimulator
48
Q
A

Priniclpes Of Anesthesia (19 decks)

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