Exam 3 Vocab (3&4)

Question 1

The thin layer beneath the bark of a tree that manufactures cells of wood and bark.

Answer 1

Cambium:

Question 2

The living wood in the outer region of a tree trunk or branch.

Answer 2

Sapwood:

Question 3

The dead wood cells in the center region of a tree trunk.

Answer 3

Heartwood:

Question 4

A complex polymeric carbohydrate of which the structural fibers in wood are composed.

Answer 4

Cellulose:

Question 5

The natural cementing substance that binds together the cellulose in wood.

Answer 5

Lignin:

Question 6

In wood, the direction of the longitudinal axes of the wood fibers or the figure formed by the fibers. In stone, see Quarry bed (A plane in a building stone that was horizontal before the stone was cut from the quarry; also called grain).

Answer 6

Grain:

Question 7

In wood, the portion of the growth ring comprised of relatively larger, less dense cells; also called earlywood.

Answer 7

Springwood:

Question 8

Lumber sawn in such a way that significant portions of the growth rings are oriented roughly flat relative to the board’s broader face.

Answer 8

Plainsawn lumber:

Question 9

Wood from coniferous (evergreen) trees.

Answer 9

Softwood:

Question 10

For softwoods, lumber sawn in such a way that growth rings are aligned at an angle of approximately 45 degrees or steeper relative to the board’s broader face. For hardwoods, sawn such that the growth rings are aligned at an angle of approximately 60 degrees or steeper to the broader face.

Answer 10

Quartersawn lumber:

Question 11

The longitudinal cells in a softwood.

Answer 11

Tracheid:

Question 12

A tubular cell that runs radially in a tree trunk.

Answer 12

Ray:

Question 13

See Sole plate. Bound water in wood, the water held within the cellulose of the cell walls. See also Free water.

Answer 13

Bottom plate:

Question 14

The moisture content at which wood stabilizes after a period of time in its destination environment.

Answer 14

Equilibrium moisture content (EMC):

Question 15

The drying of wood, to bring its moisture content into equilibrium with ambient conditions.

In wood, shrinkage along the length of the log.

Answer 15

Seasoning:

Longitudinal shrinkage:

Question 16

In wood, shrinkage perpendicular to the growth rings.

Answer 16

Radial shrinkage:

Question 17

In wood, shrinkage along the circumference of the log.

Answer 17

Tangential shrinkage:

Question 18

A growth characteristic in wood, occurring where a branch joined the trunk of the tree from which the wood was sawed.

Answer 18

Knot:

Question 19

A curl in the cross section of a board or timber caused by unequal shrinkage or expansion between one side of the board and the other.

Answer 19

Cup:

Question 20

An irregular rounding of a long edge of a piece of dimension lumber caused by cutting the lumber from too near the outside surface of the log.

Answer 20

Wane:

Question 21

The grading of wood for its structural properties, based on visual inspection, as distinct from machine grading; not to be confused with appearance grading.

Answer 21

Visual grading:

Question 22

The grading of wood for its structural properties, performed by automated machinery, as distinct from visual grading.

Answer 22

Machine grading:

Question 23

The grading of wood for its appearance, as distinct from its structural properties; not to be confused with visual grading.

Answer 23

Appearance grading:

Question 24

An approximate dimension assigned to a piece of material as a convenience in describing its size, as distinct from its actual dimension.

Answer 24

Nominal dimension:

Question 25

The true dimension of a material, as distinct from its nominal dimension.

Answer 25

Actual dimension:

Question 26

A unit of lumber volume, nominally 12 square inches in crosssectional area and 1 foot long.

Answer 26

Board foot:

Question 27

Wood cladding made up of boards, as differentiated from shingles or manufactured wood panels.

Answer 27

Board siding:

Question 28

Lengths of wood, rectangular in cross section, sawed directly from the log.

Answer 28

Dimension lumber:

Question 29

Standing trees; a large piece of dimension lumber.

Answer 29

Timber:

Question 30

A thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Answer 30

Veneer:

Question 31

A thin sheet of wood produced by rotating a log against a long, sharp knife blade in a lathe.

Answer 31

Rotary-sliced veneer:

Question 32

Thin sheets of wood produced by pressing a knife against a log.

Answer 32

Sliced veneer:

Question 33

Thin sheets of wood produced by sawing, rather than slicing with a knife blade.

Answer 33

Sawn veneer:

Question 34

Veneer sliced from a log without regard to the direction of the annual rings, as distinct from quartersliced.

Answer 34

Plainsliced veneer:

Question 35

Veneer sliced in such a way that the annual rings appear closely spaced and run roughly perpendicular to the face of each veneer.

Answer 35

Quartersliced veneer:

Question 36

A collection of solid wood members or veneers, all cut from a single log.

Answer 36

Flitch:

Question 37

A wood member made up of a large number of small strips of wood glued together.

Answer 37

Glue-laminated wood:

Question 38

A shorthand expression for glue-laminated wood.

Answer 38

Glulam:

Question 39

Structural panels fabricated from solid lumber pieces, with members in each layer alternating in orientation from those above and below; used as structural floor, wall, and roof elements.

Answer 39

Cross-laminated timber (CLT):

Question 40

Substitutes for solid lumber made from wood veneers or wood fiber strands and glue; also called engineered lumber.

Answer 40

Structural composite lumber:

Question 41

glued shredded wood strips on wood

Answer 41

Laminated strand lumber (LSL): | Oriented strand lumber (OSL):

Question 42

glued full depth veneers

Answer 42

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL):

Question 43

glued veneer strips

Answer 43

Parallel strand lumber (PSL):

Question 44

A manufactured wood framing member whose cross-sectional shape resembles the letter I.

Answer 44

I-joist:

Question 45

Wood-like products made from wood fibers, plastics of various types, and other additives, with a plastic content not exceeding 50 percent.

Answer 45

Wood-plastic composite (WPC):

Question 46

A beam, truss, or slab that extends beyond its last point of support.

Answer 46

Cantilever:

Question 47

Lumber-like products with a plastic content of 50 percent or more.

Answer 47

Plastic lumber:

Question 48

Lumber-like plastic members, reinforced with glass fibers, and formulated to be roughly as strong as conventional solid wood.

Answer 48

Structural-grade plastic lumber (SGPL):

Question 49

A wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure.

Answer 49

Plywood:

Question 50

A building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure.

Answer 50

Oriented strand board (OSB):

Question 51

A building panel composed of small particles of wood bonded together under pressure.

Answer 51

Particleboard:

Question 52

A fine-grained wood fiber and resin panel product.

Answer 52

Medium-density fiberboard (MDF):

Question 53

In plywood, lightly sanded to produce a smoother, flatter surface.

Answer 53

Touch sanded:

Question 54

A medium-weight, resin-treated overlay applied to plywood panels to achieve a smoother, more durable face.

Answer 54

Medium-density overlay (MDO): A

Question 55

A resintreated overlay applied to plywood panels to achieve a smoother, more durable face. A method of constructing a reinforced masonry wall in which the reinforcing bars are embedded in grout in story-high increments.

Answer 55

High-density overlay (HDO): High-lift grouting:

Question 56

The number stamped on a sheet of plywood or other wood building panel to indicate how far in inches it may span between supports.

Answer 56

Span rating:

Question 57

A system for specifying the nominal thickness of a structural wood panel.

Answer 57

Performance category:

Question 58

A very dense panel product, usually with at least one smooth face, made of highly compressed wood fibers.

Answer 58

Hardboard:

Question 59

Wood that has been impregnated with preservative chemicals to increase its resistance to decay and biological attack; also commonly called pressure-treated wood.

Answer 59

Preservative-treated wood:

Question 60

Wood that has been impregnated with chemicals under pressure for the purpose of retarding decay or reducing combustibility.

Answer 60

Pressure-treated wood:

Question 61

A chemical used to protect wood against attack by decay and insects. Due to toxicity concerns, this chemical has been phased out of most treated wood used in residential and commercial building construction.

Answer 61

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA):

Question 62

A chemical used to preserve wood against attack by decay and insects.

Answer 62

Alkaline copper quat (ACQ):

Question 63

A chemical used to preserve wood against attack by decay and insects.

Answer 63

Copper boron azole (CBA and CA):

Question 64

A chemical used to preserve wood against attack by decay and insects.

Answer 64

Sodium borate (SBX):

Question 65

Short, repetitive cuts made in the surface of a wood member to increase its absorption of treatment chemicals.

Answer 65

Incising:

Question 66

A sharp-pointed metal pin used for fastening wood.

Answer 66

Nail:

Question 67

A standard-sized nail used for the fastening of rough framing members in wood light frame construction.

Answer 67

Common nail:

Question 68

A nail with a slenderer shank than a common nail; used for fastening framing members in wood light frame construction.

Answer 68

Box nail:

Question 69

A relatively thin nail with a very small head; used for fastening trim and other finish woodwork items.

Answer 69

Finish nail:

Question 70

A small finish nail.

Answer 70

Brad:

Question 71

A machine used to form lengths of sheet metal into bent shapes.

Answer 71

Brake:

Question 72

A designation of nail size, abbreviated as “d.”

Answer 72

Penny (d):

Question 73

A large-diameter wood screw with a square or hexagonal head. Self-drilling wood screw

Answer 73

Lag screw:

Question 74

A fastener, usually metallic, consisting of a cylindrical body with a head at one end and a helical thread at the other, intended to be inserted through holes in adjoining pieces of material and closed with a threaded nut.

Answer 74

Bolt:

Question 75

A fastener, usually metallic, with internal helical threads, used to close a bolt.

Answer 75

Nut:

Question 76

A steel disk with a hole in the middle, used to spread the load from a bolt, screw, or nail across a wider area of material.

Answer 76

Washer:

Question 77

A multipronged fastener made from stamped sheet metal, used to join members of a lightwood wood truss.

Answer 77

Toothed plate:

Question 78

A sheet metal device used to create a structural connection where a joist is framed into a header or a ledger.

Answer 78

Joist hanger:

Question 79

An organic compound known to cause a range of adverse human health effects, traditionally used in the manufacture of wood product adhesives and binders. See also Phenolformaldehyde and Urea-formaldehyde.

Answer 79

Formaldehyde:

Question 80

A structural wood adhesive and binder, suitable for exterior exposure, and associated with relatively low formaldehyde gas emissions.

Answer 80

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF):

Question 81

A structural wood adhesive, not suitable for exterior exposure, and associated with relatively high formaldehyde gas emissions.

Answer 81

Urea-formaldehyde (UF):

Question 82

A triangulated arrangement of structural members that reduces monaxial external forces to a set of axial forces in its members. See also Vierendeel truss.

Answer 82

Truss:

Question 83

A panel consisting of two face sheets of wood panel bonded together by plastic foam core.

Answer 83

Structural insulated panel (SIP):

Question 84

A panel consisting of two outer faces of wood, metal, gypsum, or concrete bonded to a core of insulating foam.

Answer 84

Sandwich panel:

Question 85

A panel consisting of two face sheets of wood, metal, or concrete bonded to perpendicular spacer ribs or framing members such that the panel can act as a composite structural panel.

Answer 85

Stressed-skin panel (SSP):

Question 86

A method of prefabricated wood light frame construction, in which whole sections of walls or floors are framed and sheathed in the factory and then transported to the construction site for erection.

Answer 86

Panelized construction:

Question 87

A transportable house that is entirely factory built on a steel underframe supported by wheels; euphemistically referred to as a mobile home.

Answer 87

Manufactured home:

Question 88

A house assembled on the site from boxlike factory-built sections.

Answer 88

Modular home:

Question 89

Mud plaster (daub) applied to a primitive lath of woven twigs or reeds (wattle).

Answer 89

Wattle and daub:

Question 90

A framing member cut from a bent tree so as to form one-half of a rigid frame.

Answer 90

Cruck:

Question 91

A type of wood construction made from large wood members and solid timber decking in a post-and-beam configuration; in the International Building Code, buildings of Type IV HT construction, consisting of heavy timber interior construction and noncombustible exterior walls, which are considered to have moderate fire-resistive properties.

Answer 91

Heavy Timber Construction:

Question 92

The traditional name for a construction type consisting of exterior masonry bearing walls and an interior framework of heavy timbers and solid timber decking; also called slow-burn construction.

Answer 92

Mill construction:

Question 93

A flattening of a longitudinal edge of a solid member on a plane that lies at an angle of 45 degrees to the adjoining planes.

Answer 93

Chamfer:

Question 94

A sloping end cut on a wood beam or joist where it enters a masonry wall.

Answer 94

Firecut:

Question 95

An interlocking edge detail for joining planks or panels.

Answer 95

Tongue and Groove:

Question 96

A wood member made up of a large number of small strips of wood glued together.

Answer 96

Glue-laminated wood:

Question 97

A plane of framing consisting of beams and columns joined together, often with rigid joints.

Answer 97

Bent:

Question 98

A beam that spans across the slope of a steep roof to support the roof decking.

Answer 98

Purlin:

Question 99

A connection designed to resist only the tendency of one member to slide past the other, and not, as in a moment connection, to resist any tendency of the members to rotate with respect to one another; in steel frame construction, a simple connection.

Answer 99

Shear connection:

Question 100

Two columns and a beam or beams attached to one another with moment connections; a moment-resisting frame.

Answer 100

Rigid frame:

Question 101

A steel rod that acts in tension.

Answer 101

Tie rod:

Question 102

A structural device that supports a vertical load by translating it into axial inclined forces at its supports.

Answer 102

Arch:

Question 103

A set of legal regulations that mandate performance outcomes rather than specific construction details and practices.

Answer 103

Performance-based building code:

Question 104

A set of legal regulations that mandate specific construction details and practices rather than establish performance standards.

Answer 104

Prescriptive building code: