Exam 4 Flashcards by Athziry Rodriguez

Which of the following neuroglias forms the blood brain barrier?

Astrocyte
Microglial cell
Oligodendrocytes
ependymal cell

Astrocyte

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nissi bodies (substances) are

Part of a dendrite
Lipid droplets
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Part of golgi apparatus

rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Afferent fibers are responsible for carrying impulses

to the central nervous system
to the peripheral nervous system
away from the central nervous system
from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system

to the central nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following are.components of the central nervous system EXCEPT

a. microglia
b. astrocytes
c. oligodendrocytes
d. schwann cells

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By definitions a ganglia is

A. a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
B. A collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
C. a collection nuclei only in the PNS
D. none of the above

a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By definition a tract is

A. a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS
B. A collection of nerve cells bodies in the CNS
C. A collection nuclei on in the CNS
D. none of the above

a collection of myelinated axons in the CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a bundle of axons is held together by the ____

A. Endoneurium

b. perineurium
c. Epineurium
d. Macroneurium

perineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anatomically the nervous system is divided into the

a. central nervous system (CNS)
b. the peripheral nervous system
c. afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) system
d. all of the above
e only A and B are correct

only A and B are correct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During hyperpolarization

A.the resting membrane potential (RMP) becomes more positive
B.the RMP becomes more negative
C.the RMP reaches threshold
D.The RMP is at -90mV

B. The RMP becomes more negative.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The RMP for a motor neuron is -75 MV. an influx ions will cause the RMP to

A. Reach closer to threshold

b. move further away from threshold
c. remain at -90mV
d. depolarize

b. move further away from threshold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Schwann Cells

a. are myelin forming cells
b. part of the peripheral nervous system
c. Schwann cells are separated from each other by the node of Ranvier
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Damage to the Schwann cells would result in

a. loss of the structural framework of the brain
b. decreased speed of conduction
c. ability to produce scar tissue at the site of injury

b. decreased speed of conduction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of the following glial cells are components of the central nervous system EXCEPT

A. microglia
B. astrocytes
C. oligodendrocytes
D. Schwann cells

D. Schwann cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The RMP for a motor neuron is -90mV. Increasing extracellular [K*] will cause the neuron to become

A more excitable
B less excitable
C hyperpolarize
D no change in the RMP

A more excitable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Support cells in the peripheral nervous system are the

Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocyte

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An increase in extracellular [Ca2+] will cause an excitable cell to

become less excitable
become more excitable
have no physiological effect
inhibit postsynaptic vesicles fusion

Become less excitable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* voltage gated channels will most likely result in

depolarization
repolarization
hyperpolarization
initiation of an action potential
no change in membrane potential

hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The all-or-none principle states that

the properties of an action potential are independent of the strength of the stimulus

all stimuli will produce action potentials

all graded potentials will generate action potentials

any excitable cell membrane can generate and propagate an action potential if stimulated to threshold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following surrounds bundles of nerve fascicles?

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
None of the above

Epineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must

A have its voltage-gated channels closed
B be hyperpolarized
C be depolarized to threshold level
D not be in the a relative refractory period

Be depolarized to threshold level

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in

decrease in the conduction velocity
an increase in the conduction velocity
no change in the conduction velocity
none of the above

an increase in the conduction velocity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By definition, a nucleus is

a collection of myelinated axons in the PNS
a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
a collection nuclei only in the PNS
none of the above

None of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Depolarization of an excitable
membrane will shift the membrane potential towards

Minus ninety mV (-90 mV) -
Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV)
Minus seventy mV (-70 mV)
Zero (0)

Zero (0)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Depolarization of an excitable cells occurs when there is a rapid ____
of ______

Influx/ sodium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

``` A neuroglial cell that forms myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system is A astrocyte B Microglial-cell C oligodendrocytes D ependymal cell E none of the above ```

None of the above

Which of the following connective tissue layer envelopes a bundle of axons? Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium None of the above

Perineurium

A neuron is said to be polarized because the action potential can travel in a bilateral direction he soma is always at one extremity of the cell there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane it tends to cluster with other neurons in nuclei

there is a difference of electrical potential across its membrane

Which of the following statement is most correct for resting membrane potential? The cell membrane is permeable to Na* but impermeable to K* ions The extracellular matrix is more negative than in the intracellular Potassium is high in the extracellular matrix The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell

The sodium pump pumps Nat to the outside of the cell

To elicit an action potential, an excitable cell membrane must have its voltage-gated channels closed be hyperpolarized be depolarized to threshold level not be in the a relative refractory period

be depolarized to threshold level

Increasing the diameter of an axon will results in a decrease in the conduction velocity an increase in the conduction velocity no change in the conduction velocity none of the above

An increase in the conduction velocity

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K+ channels will most likely result in ``` depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization initiation of an action potential no change in membrane potential ```

hyperpolarization

All of the following statements concerning myelination are correct EXCEPT it is accomplished by Schwann cells in the PNS it is accomplished by oligodendrocytes in the CNS it is complete at birth associated with saltatory conduction along the axon

It is complete at birth

An increase in extracellular [K+] will cause the cell to be more excitable be less excitable depolarize repolarize

Be more excitable

An increase in intracellular [K*] will cause the cell to be more excitable be less excitable depolarize repolarize

Be more excitable

Assuming the RMP is -70mV, which of the following is most correct about gated channels when the neural membrane potential is -65mV (threshold = -60mV) Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed Both Nat and K+ channels are open K* channels are open and Na* channels are closed Both Nat and K* channels are closed

Na* channels are open, K* channels are closed

``` A resting membrane is determined to be -70 mV and the threshold is determined to be -60 mV. A change in membrane potential to -62 mV will results in depolarization hyperpolarization an action potential repolarization ```

Depolarization

A neural tissue has a resting membrane potential of -75 mV. Opening the K* channels will most likely result in ``` depolarization, repolarization hyperpolarization initiation of an action potential no change in membrane potential ```

Hyperpolarization

Depolarization of an excitable membrane will shift the membrane potential towards Minus ninety mV (-90 mV) Minus eighty-five mV (-85 mV) Minus seventy mV (-70 mV) Zero (0)

Zero

The ___ division of the nervous system conducts actions potentials from the central nervous system to cardiac muscle. ``` Afferent Autonomic Sensory Somatic None of the above ```

Autonomic

Nodes of Ranvier are Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon Collections of immune cells in the CNS Satellite cells that support neuron cell bodies in ganglia Gaps between choroids plexuses where cerebral spinal fluid emerges

Interruptions in the myelin sheath along the course of a myelinated axon

The threshold of a neuron is the Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential Voltage that triggers activation of voltage-gated channels Time between binding of the neurotransmitter and firing of an action potential Voltage across the resting cell membrane

Total amount of neurotransmitter it takes to cause an action potential

All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the Medulla oblongata Midbrain Pons Thalamus

Thalamus

Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision? Frontal Occipital Parietal Temporal

Parietal

Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal

Temporal

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the ``` Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure ```

Longitudinal fissure

All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT ``` Insula Ethmoid Frontal Temporal Parietal ```

Ethmoid

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions? ``` Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital ```

Frontal

A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a Ganglion Gyrus Lobe Sulcus

Gyrus

Gyri on the cerebral surface the surface area of the cortex. Slightly increase Greatly increase Slightly decrease Greatly decrease

Greatly increase

From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are Dura mater: pia mater; arachnoid mater Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater Pia mater: dura mater: arachnoid mater Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater

Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater

There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves. ``` Twelve (12) Twenty-one(21) Thirty-one(31) Forty-three(43) None of the above ```

Twelve (12)

All of the following structures are components of the hindbrain EXCEPT the Medulla oblongata Midbrain Pons Cerebellum

Midbrain

Which lobes of the cerebrum serve as the main center for receiving and processing of sensory information EXCEPT for smell, hearing and vision? ``` Frontal Ning Occipital Parietal Temporal ```

Parietal

Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input hearing? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal

Temporal

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the ``` Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure ```

Longitudinal fissure

Ridges found on the cerebellum are commonly called ``` Purkinje Folia Gyri Ganglion None of the above ```

Folía

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary somatosensory functions? ``` Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital ```

Parietal

``` Superficial grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are termed Fissures Gyri Lobes Sulci ```

Sulci

From superficial to deep, the three layers of the meninges are Dura mater; pia mater; arachnoid mater Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater Pia mater; dura mater; arachnoid mater Pia mater; arachnoid mater; dura mater

Dura mater; arachnoid mater; pia mater

Audition and vestibular functions are associated with which of the following lobes of the brain? Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital

Temporal

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated by the ``` Central sulcus of Rolando Fissure of Rolando Fissure of Sylvius Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure ```

Longitudinal fissure

A ridge or fold on the surface of the cerebrum is called a Ganglion Gyrus Lobe Sulcus

Gyrus

Gyri on the cerebral surface Slightly increase Greatly increase Slightly decrease )Greatly decrease

Greatly increase

All of the following structures are components of the brainstem EXCEPT the Medulla oblongata Midbrain Pons Thalamus

Thalamus

Which of the following lobes controls voluntary motor functions? ``` Insula Temporal Frontal Parietal Occipital ```

Frontal

All of the following are lobes associated with the cerebrum EXCEPT ``` Insula Ethmoid Frontal Temporal Parietal ```

Ethmoid

``` Which lobes receive and interpret sensory input for hearing? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal ```

Temporal

Which of the following is most correct regarding blood flow to the brain Tributaries irrigating the brain arise from two main branches: the internal carotid and the basilar arteries The anterior cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid The middle cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid The posterior cerebral artery arise from the basilar artery All of the above

All of the above

Exam 4 Flashcards

(68 cards)