Exam 4

Question 1

What are characteristics of parenchyma tissue?

Answer 1

-Thin walled
-Flexible
-Many sided
-Divide

Question 2

Xylem conducts what materials?

Answer 2

Water and mineral ions

Question 3

Phloem conducts what materials?

Answer 3

Movement of sugars and other organic solutes

Question 4

Monocots and Eudicots are named by what?

Answer 4

Named by their leaf-like structures

Question 5

Apical meristems cause what type of growth?

Answer 5

Primary growth - cells that divide rapidly in tips of roots and shoots

Question 6

Describe what type of roots Eudicots have?

Answer 6

Taproot - main root with many tiny branches outward

Question 7

Describe what type of root Monocots have?

Answer 7

Fibrous root system - roots that grow outward from the stem

Question 8

Vascular and cork cambium help with which type of growth (primary or secondary)?

Answer 8

Secondary Growth

Question 8

How many nutrients are needed for plants to survive and live healthy?

Answer 8

Plants require 16 different elements for growth

Question 8

Why do we do cutting grafts?

Answer 8

-Cutting allow plants to form roots and new shoots from nodes in stem fragments from a parent plant
-Grafts allow plants to fuse with tissues from another plant

Question 9

How many hormones are there that effect plants?

Answer 9

5 (gibberellins, auxins, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid)

Question 10

Name one tropisms and how it affects a plant based on the environment factors that are going on around the plant

Answer 10

Gravitropism - plant growth in a direction influenced by gravity

Question 11

What causes leaves to fall?

Answer 11

Abscission

Question 12

What is the protective covering of teeth?

Answer 12

Enamel

Question 13

What causes stomach ulcers?

Answer 13

Helicobacter pylori

Question 14

Why does the stomach have folds

Answer 14

The folds in the lining of the small intestine increase surface area for digestion and absorption

Question 15

Where do most nutrients get absorbed?

Answer 15

Internal environment across the wall of the small intestine

Question 16

Where does most water get absorbed?

Answer 16

Internal environment across the wall of the small intestine

Question 17

Large intestines have bacteria that live in this environment that produce a symbiotic relationship with humans. What does the bacterium give to humans?

Answer 17

Feces

Question 18

A diet high in what keeps you “regular”?

Answer 18

Fiber

Question 19

You are supposed to eat what type of carbs?

Answer 19

Complex carbs

Question 20

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 20

A, E, D, K

Question 21

How can you test body fat/size

Answer 21

Weight x 700/height squared

Question 22

What are some causes of kidney failure?

Answer 22

Diabetes, High blood pressure, Tobacco use

Question 23

What are two types of dialysis

Answer 23

Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis

Question 24

What re the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 24

Sensory, Motor, Neuroglia

Question 25

Action potential helps what occur?

Answer 25

The release of neurotransmitters

Question 26

Neurotransmitters are used to do what?

Answer 26

TO release chemical signals into the synaptic cleft by a neuron's axon endings

Question 27

Central Nervous System contains what?

Answer 27

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 28

Myelin helps nerves do what?

Answer 28

It increases the speed of signal transmission

Question 29

Somatic nervous system controls what

Answer 29

Skeletal muscle and sensory receptors

Question 30

Parasympathetic nervous system is the body at what state?

Answer 30

The body's ability to relax

Question 31

Cerebrum (main portion of upper brain) controls what?

Answer 31

Language, speech and vision

Question 32

Cerebellum (sits below the main part of the upper brain) controls what?

Answer 32

Posture, balance coordination

Question 33

What causes near sightedness

Answer 33

The eye focuses light in front of the retina instead of onto it

Question 34

What helps you see colors in eye?

Answer 34

Cone cell

Question 35

Ear has how many region?

Answer 35

Three - outer, middle, inner

Question 36

Steroid hormones move through the cell membrane easily why?

Answer 36

They are lipid soluble and can bind to receptors within a cell

Question 37

How do amino acid hormones effect the inside of the cell?

Answer 37

Bind to membrane receptors at the cell surface

Question 38

How does growth hormones affect development

Answer 38

Growth hormones promote growth within the body and influence metabolism in adults

Question 39

What mineral deficit causes a goiter?

Answer 39

Iodine

Question 40

What are symptoms of excessive thyroid production?

Answer 40

Shaking hands, increased sweating, weight loss, brittle hair

Question 41

Thymus helps our immune system in what ways?

Answer 41

T cells mature in the thymus and T cells are critical to helping our bodies fight off foreign invaders

Question 42

Glucagon causes what to happen

Answer 42

The breaking down of glycogen and the release of glucose, raising blood glucose levels

Question 43

What causes type II diabetes

Answer 43

Target cells stop responding to insulin

Question 44

What are some shared sex hormones

Answer 44

Testosterone

Question 45

Pineal gland secretes what to affect sleep

Answer 45

Melatonin

Question 46

What is the major controlling organ of hormones

Answer 46

Hypothalamus

Question 47

Is swallowing in the esophagus an active or passive process?

Answer 47

Passive

Question 48

Water soluble vitamins are stored or processed through the body

Answer 48

True