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Intro to psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 characteristics of abnormal psychopathology

A

Unusual, distress, and interference

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2
Q

Details about unusual

A

The more unusual a thought or belief is, the more likely to in up in abnormal category.

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3
Q

Details about distress

A

When you cause you or someone else distress or uncomfortableness but you want it to go away you are under the abnormal category.

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4
Q

Details about interference

A

When thought or behavior INTERFERE with everyday life (holding a job is hard or in and out of jail). Falls under abnormal category.

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5
Q

What is the Medical side of abnormality?

A

Mental problems and biological abnormality that causes abnormal psychology. (Used by psychologists)

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6
Q

Psychosocial model of abnormality

A

How your relationships influence mental health, thought patterns, cope with stress. Used by therapist (for depression and anxiety)

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7
Q

Anxiety

A

Lots of worrying, high levels of fear or panic.
- panic disorders- anxiety level rise for no reason
- phobic disorders- uncontrollable fear for unharmful things
- OCD- anxiety and a behavior used to make disorder manageable

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8
Q

What is OCD?

A

Obsession- persistent unwanted thoughts
Compulsive- a need to perform behavior ( irresistible)

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9
Q

What is the medical explanation behind anxiety disorders?

A

This happens when you have an abnormal amount of neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) and neuron sensitivity (overreaction to neurotransmitters)

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10
Q

What helps with anxiety disorders?

A

Therapy and medication

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11
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Disturbance of thought; disturbance spills over into behavior, relationships, perceptions
-diagnosed usually from the ages 15-25
-most institutionalized disorder
- high number of homeless (usually cannot live alone)
- high suicide rate

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12
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Irrational thought, distorted perceptions, behavior adapriveness

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13
Q

What is irrational thought?

A

Delusions; false beliefs that are clearly out of touch with reality. Can be about harm done to you (dangerous).

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14
Q

What are distorted perceptions?

A

Hallucinations; inaccurate sensory interpretations. What you see, hear, smell, touch do not match reality.
- voices may influence behavior

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15
Q

What is behavior adaptiveness?

A

Losing ability to do social life behaviors.
Language problems are big here (you forget how to put sentences together). Also results in poor health, loss of emotion.

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16
Q

Why does schizophrenia happen?

A

-abnormal gene function
- complication during pregnancy
- high stress environments
- high levels of dopamine

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17
Q

What is major depressive disorder?

A

Known as clinical depression
- hopelessness, loss of interest, and sadness
- how they feel or think all the time
- weight change
-diagnosed usually from 18-25
- in women more than men

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18
Q

Why do more women have clinical depression?

A
  • have many different hormones that are affected
  • men are less diagnosed
  • women have more emotional based issues
  • postpartum depression
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19
Q

Where does clinical depression come from?

A
  • passed down
  • cognitive disorder
  • abnormal neurotransmitter levels
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20
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Form of depression
- mania: high energy and excitement, no sleep, bad decisions
- women go through mania quicker then men

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21
Q

Why does bipolar disorder happen?

A
  • usually inherited
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22
Q

What are the different psychotherapies?

A
  1. Cognitive therapy
  2. Behavior therapy
  3. Client therapy
  4. CBT
  5. Biomedical therapy
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23
Q

What is cognitive therapy?

A

Helps people with adjustment issues (school stress, couple counseling)

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24
Q

Goal of cognitive therapy

A

Helps clients recognize thinking errors and get them to understand those thoughts aren’t helping

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25
Q

Selective abstraction

A

Falls under cognitive therapy; only focusing on the negative aspects of something

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26
Q

Overgeneralizing

A

Falls under cognitive therapy; when you blow things out of proportion
Ex: I forgot my moms birthday so I think I’m a horrible person)

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27
Q

Downfalls of cognitive therapy?

A
  • therapist aren’t interested in how you feel. Believes emotions are side affects.
  • limited to situations it can be used in
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28
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Belief that the cause of your problems have been learned and are bad habits.

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29
Q

What is the goal of behavior therapy?

A
  • therapist want to understand learning principles to stop doing damaging behaviors
  • therapist do not care why you do this behavior just how to stop it
30
Q

Treatments used for behavior therapy

A

-Counter conditioning: relies on substituting bad behavior for something else.
- operant:use rewards and punishers to change how someone behaves

31
Q

Problems with behavior therapy

A

-Only treats behavior, not cause ( not interested in why)
- used w people with substance abuse (may trade one habit for another bad one).
- not permanent and may resurface as another disorder later

32
Q

What is client therapy?

A

-Less about a specific way to change and more of a discussion about why you do what you do.
-inconsistency between how you see yourself and how you act

33
Q

What is the goal of client therapy?

A

-Finding out why you do behaviors that make you uncomfortable
- therapist listens and it’s usually the client doing self evaluation

34
Q

What tools do therapist use during client therapy?

A

Empathy and unconditional positive regard (no judging)

35
Q

Problems with client therapy

A

-doesn’t work. It’s minor to see mental change in patients.

36
Q

What is CBT?

A

Combination of therapies. Adds compassion and emotional support, gives homework to patients, and wants the ways of therapy to become the patients lifestyle

37
Q

Does CBT work?

A

Does a good job at helping people deal with sadness beliefs and anxiety disorders.

38
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Sees mental illness as another expression of a physical or psychological abnormality.

39
Q

Goal of biomedical therapy?

A

Reduce severity of symptoms, not completely eliminate them.

40
Q

What are some biomedical treatments?

A

-drug therapy (antidepressants and antipsychotics): tend to reduce feelings of depression but takes about a month.
-anti anxiety: intended to reduce tension and stress

41
Q

Problems with biomedical therapy

A
  • addictive
  • overdose problems
  • interactions with other drugs
  • overly prescribed by family physicians
42
Q

What is lithium and what’s it do

A

Used to control mood swings. Shortens the cycle of manic symptoms and how long they are. Also lowers suicide risks.

43
Q

Side effects of lithium

A
  • chance of heart rhythm
  • influence kidney function over time
  • thyroid regulation
  • weight gain
  • toxic if dosage is too high
44
Q

Side effects of antipsychotic

A

Dyskinesia: problem with motor movement uncontrollability. Can lead to not being able to sit down.
- can produce symptoms worse then what you started with

45
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy

A

Electricity is sent through your brain to create a cortisol seizure
- last resort if nothing else work
- works quickly
- five treatments every other day for it to work
- no pain

46
Q

Side effects of electroconvulsive therapy

A

-Short term memory loss
- difficulty learning new things (temporary)
- confusion (temporary)

47
Q

Why isn’t electroconvulsive therapy used more often?

A

The history scares people. Also media (movies and shows) always represented it in a bad way so people are nervous.

48
Q

What is psycho surgery?

A

When you actively destroy brain tissues with the goal of symptom reduction (irreversible)
- occurs for last resort (medication doesn’t work)

49
Q

Problems with psycho surgery

A
  • inappropriately practiced (by people without medical license and people just wanting control over someone)
  • people would appear like potted plants where they would no longer have emotions
50
Q

Why isn’t psychosurgery common?

A

Lithium took its place and this procedure also makes people nervous.

51
Q

What DISORDERS was psychosurgery used for?

A

-OCD
-MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
- EPILEPSY

52
Q

What makes a good therapist?

A

Not if they have a PHD but if they have a relationship with their patient. Each patient has a different view of the person they are talking to and just need to find the right one.

53
Q

What does ADHD stand for?

A

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

54
Q

When is ADHD most commonly diagnosed?

A

School-aged children

55
Q

Problems with ADHD

A

Difficulty to focus on tasks and follow instructions. Can also lead to problems at school and home.

56
Q

Why are children with ADHD know as “problem children”?

A

Despite their intentions, they struggle to comply with adults instructions and are labeled as problem children

57
Q

How many children are affected by ADHD?

A

3%-7% of children are affected by ADHD and 65% of children are diagnosed

58
Q

What is hyperactivity?

A

The hyperactive symptom cluster describes children who are perpetually in motion even during times when they are expected to be still.

59
Q

What is impulsivity?

A

Describes difficulty in delaying response and acting without considering the repercussions of behavior.

60
Q

Description of inattentive symptoms

A

-difficulty with organization and task follow through
- tendency to be distracted by external stimuli

61
Q

How to distinguish between normal and disordered behavior?

A
  1. Symptoms must significantly impair the child’s functioning in important life domains (school or home)
    -repeating a grade or being suspended are usual factors
  2. The symptoms must be inappropriate for the child’s developmental level.
62
Q

What other disorders to people with ADHD experience?

A

Depression, learning disorders, anxiety, and oppositional defiant disorder.
-when older, may abuse alcohol, drugs, and other adverse outcomes.

63
Q

Adult negative outcome of ADHD

A

-depression
-substance abuse
- poor work performance
-divorce
-early parenthood from highrisk sexual behavior
-obesity
- impairment in driving ability

64
Q

Why do children develop behavior disorders?

A

Most experts believe this to be a genetic disorder. This is linked to neurotransmitters and serotonin and dopamine. Can also be diet.

65
Q

What’s to treat ADHD.

A

-medication (adderall)
-parenting management training

66
Q

Side effects of adderall

A

-growth and appetite suppression
- increased blood pressure
- insomnia
- changes in mood

67
Q

What is psychopharmacology?

A

The study of how drugs affect the brain and behavior.

68
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

How the body handles the drugs we take.

69
Q

Drug metabolism

A

Involves a breakdown of psychoactive drugs and this occurs primarily in the liver.

70
Q

What are the problems with psychotropic drugs and metabolism?

A

-grapefruit juice- if drugs are in the body, the juice will make the drug levels build to potentially toxic levels.
*valium, Luvox

Intro to psychology (2 decks)

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