Exam 4 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is intersectionality
Experience of those who experience discrimination in ways that overlap each other
“At an intersection”
Discrimination/oppression compounds in many ways on one individual
US Carceral system includes
Current population (state prisons, federal prisons, local jails, juvenile correctional facilities, immigration detention facilities, Indian country jails, military prisons, civil commitment centers, state psychiatric hospitals, and prisons in the US territories- 2 million people
Why are people often in local jails
because they cannot pay bail
How much of the world’s prisoners do the US make up
20%
Health disparities in prison populations
Increased rates of many chronic diseases, SUD (disease that should be treated), mental health disorders (disease that should be treated, more incarcerated than treated), HIV, COVID, ect
Increased risk of death, even after release
Increased risk of bias from healthcare professionals
What is a rural community
all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area or urban cluster
84% of land in the US falls under this rural designation
About ⅕ of the US population
Rural race/ethnicity
Rural populations are not as homogeneous as they are generally portrayed. Often represented as White. However, about ¼ of people living in rural environments are people of color. Racial and ethnic diversity in rural America is increasing but they are less diverse than urban areas.
Compared to urban areas…
Populations tend to be older
Lower educational attainment
Lower socioeconomic status
Acess to care
Less than 8% of physicians choose rural settings
Lack of specialists
64% of rural providers have trouble finding specialists for their patients
Technology and Infrastructure
Transportation
SES Rural
Lower incomes than urban
Limited job opportunities
Lack of competition for jobs
Seasonal income, often impacted by nature
Higher poverty rates, especially among racial and ethnic minority populations
Higher rates of premature death
Rural health insurace
Many unskilled jobs lack healthcare insurance coverage or at a very high premium
Family farms have no employer subsidized healthcare insurance
Insurance coverage
58.5% adults, 43.5% children private (lowest)
26.3% adults, 52% children public (highest)
17.9% adults, 7% children non (highest)
Health disparties rural
Increased rates of cancer and many chronic diseases, substance use disorders, mental health disorders, domestic violence, teen pregnancy, nutritional deficiency (food deserts)
Increased risk of unintentional injury (vehicle/machinery accidents, opioid overdoses)
Decreased access to care (hospital closures, distance to facilities)
While all rural populations are uniquely vulnerable, racial minority groups are at an increased risk.
Veteran population
16.5 million Veterans, about 6.4% of the US populations
Population in decline
Overwhelmingly white/male, however diversity is increasing
10% women
75% white
12% black
50% are 65+
30% report living with a disability
Health disparties of veterans
Increased rates of traumatic brain injury, anxiety, and depression, PTSD, suicidality, and substance use disorders
Increased rates family and interpersonal problems, unemployment, homelessness, and trouble adjusting to civilian life
Increased risk of disability due to loss of limbs
While all veterans are vulnerable, racial minority groups are at at increased risk
Women also face unique challenges
Homelessness
Homelessness declining 11%, 7% increase since 2022 (overall decline of 4% in last 3 years)
Suicide
Suicide death rates decreased in 2020 by 10%, but now increasing again
What is advocacy
Influences public policy to improve individual and community health, reduces health disaprties
Advocacy is a strategic approach to influencing outcomes and driving change on behalf of your community. It involves representing your community’s rights and needs to the level of government best able to respond
3 legged stool of advocacy
3 legged stool
Policy research and development
Direct lobbying
Constituent engagement
Media and communications
What is politics
What is politics?
Political parties
Candidates
Elections
What is not
Issue education
Voting records
Research and data
3 questions of advocacy
What are you trying to change
Who has the power to make the change
When is the timing right
What are ACES
Emotional abuse
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional neglect
Physical neglect
Parental separation/divorce
Intimate partner violence
Care giver depression/suicide
Caregiver incarcerations
Discrimination
Poverty
Racism
Violence
intergenerational/cultural trauma
Separation
Adjustment or other major life changes
Bereavement and survivorship
Adult responsibilities as a child
How common are ACEs
61% reported at least experiences 1 type
16% reported 4+ ACEs
ACEs pyramid
Top: early death
Disease, disability, and social problems
Adoption of health risk behavior
Social, emotional, and cognitive impairment
Disrupted neurodevelopment
Adverse childhood experiences
Social conditions and local context
Bottom: Generational embodiment and historical trauma
Brain structures involved in ACEs
Brain structures
Cerebrum
Limbic system
Brain stem
Limbic system structural changes: consequences of trauma
Amygdala
Regulates intense emotion
May increase in size
Hippocampus
Converts short term to long term memory
May shrink in size
