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A/P SEM 1 > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

term to describe the cardiac muscle

A

syncytium

atrial and ventricular

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2
Q

cell membranes that separate individual cardiac muscle cells from one another

A

intercalated discs

curvy cell boarders allows for more surface area/gap junctions

cardiac centric term

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3
Q

sagital

A

left vs right

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4
Q

vertical

A

front vs back
limb leads

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5
Q

axial

A

top vs bottom
unipolar leads
precordial

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6
Q

what muscle is multinucliated

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

another name for smooth muscle

how it contracts

A

visceral (unitary) contractions

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8
Q

what lays down scar tissue in the the heart

A

fibroblasts
- controlled rate
- occurs in CHF

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9
Q

what medication slows down fibroblast activity

A

ACEi

  • angiotensin 2 is a growth hormone
  • no ACEi or ARB in pregnancy
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10
Q

whats majority of the heart muscle

A

myofibrils

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11
Q

what does conduction tissue not have

A

myofibrils

need to send action potentials quickly

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12
Q

layers of the heart

A

endocardium
- deep one layer thick

myocardium
- bulk of muscle

epicardium
- superficial
major blood vessels on top

pericardial space
- low mucus, little water

pericardium
- connective tissue sac
- visceral: thin/stretchy/clear
- parietal: physically attached to fibrous pericardium. partial pain = tissue
- fibrous… similar to dura in CNS

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13
Q

what term normally describes the LV

A

subendocardium

  • deep within the endocardium and myocardium
  • MI
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14
Q

how to heart muscle squeeze

A

2 layers
perpendicular

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15
Q

what does the heart look like when relaxed

A

a little under strectched

actin filaments overlap
no H band

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16
Q

how does muscle contract

A

myosin moves to Z disk

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17
Q

purkinje
RMP and threshold

A

threshold -70
RMP -90

don’t contract, just send action potentials

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18
Q

ventricle
RMP and threshold

A

threshold -70
RMP -80

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19
Q

how long does it take for the first action potential for AV block

A

30+ seconds

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20
Q

CHB reflex for eye procedures

Study These Flashcards
A

five and dime
- cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal)
- vagus
- prevents action potential transmission at the AV node

21
Q

fast action potential phases

Study These Flashcards
A

4: slight slope
- not many HCN, Na/Ca leak channels

0: fast Na+
-via gap junctions coming from upstream

1: fast T-type Ca+

2: slow L-type Ca+

K+ closes end phase 0 -> end phase 2
K+ opens end phase 2 -> 3

22
Q

how many milliseconds of a fast action potential

Study These Flashcards
A

200 milliseconds

23
Q

ohms law

Study These Flashcards
A

voltage= ionic current x resistance

24
Q

slow action potential phases

Study These Flashcards
A

4: HCN, Ca+ and Na+ leak channels

0: L-type Ca+

3: L-type Ca+ close
voltage gated K+ close

threshold: -40
VRM: -55

25
AV node VRM compared to SA
less HCAN, leaky Na+ and Ca+ lower VRM lower HR
26
what does HCN stand for ions
hyperpolarized and cyclic nucleotide medicated channels open when VRM reached (repol. or hyperpol) Na, Ca, K
27
calcium effects on threshold
high calcium - increase threshold - decrease HR only works in cardiac tissue
28
what phase do some books say the slow act potentials have
phase 2 "platue"
29
beta agonist
increase adenyl cyclase increase CAMP more HCN channels open, same VRM
30
Beta antagonist
atenolol less HCN channels open reduced phase 4
31
MACh-R
inhibitory alpha subunit lower adenyl cyclase lower CAMP more K open lower VRM lower HR
32
potassium effects
increase VRM increase HR REALLY HIGH - reduces conduction speed - loose Na+ and Ca++
33
refractory period
stimulation before cell is rest can see or not see an action potential
34
relative refractory period
cell reset enough to produce a weaker action potential
35
absolute refractory period
can't regenerate an action potential
36
HR if no vagus/SNS
110
37
HR if SNS
120
38
HR if vagus
60-62
39
AV node HR
40-60
40
Perkinji HR
15-30
41
pathway from SA to AV
internal pathway anterior middle posterior
42
pathway of SA to LA
interatrial Bachmens bundle - comes off the anterior internodal pathway
43
p wave time
0.09 seconds
44
SA to AV time
0.03 seconds
45
SA to posterior lateral RA
0.07 seconds
46
SA to bottom LA
0.09 seconds
47
what causes the AV node delay
decreased gap junctions fat
48
PR interval
0.16 SA -> bundle branches
49

A/P SEM 1 (9 decks)

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