Exam 4

Question 1

Ridges along the side of the, these help warm and moisten inhaled air and help trap particles from the air

Answer 1

Nasal Conchae

Question 2

Cavity surrounding the nasal cavity, they help resonate the sound of speech, contribute to the sound of our voice

Answer 2

Paranasal sinuses

Question 3

another name for the throat, has three sections

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

What are the three sections of the pharynx?

Answer 4

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryrgophsrynx

Question 5

Another name for the voice box

Answer 5

Larynx

Question 6

Upper opening of the larynx

Answer 6

Glottis

Question 7

Flap of cartilage covered in mucous membrane, folds over/covers the glottis when you swallow, blocks entry of food/drink into the larynx

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Question 8

Known as the Adams apple, protective shelled of cartilage

Answer 8

Thyroid Cartilage

Question 9

Protective cartilage below the thyroid cartilage

Answer 9

Cricoid Cartilage

Question 10

Also known as vocal folds, 2 ligaments that covered with mucous membrane

Answer 10

Vocal chords

Question 11

Also known as the wind pipe, contains rings of cartilage along its length, provides strength to the wall

Answer 11

Trachea

Question 12

Large Airways

Answer 12

Bronchi

Question 13

Bronchi has what three types

Answer 13

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi

Question 14

The smallest airways

Answer 14

Bronchioles

Question 15

smooth muscle contraction in walls of airway decreased air diameter decreased airflow

Answer 15

Bronchoconstriction

Question 16

Smooth muscle relaxation in walls of airway, increase airway diameter, increased airflow

Answer 16

Cronchodilation

Question 17

Sites of gas exchange between blood and lung air

Answer 17

Alveoli

Question 18

Also known as duct cells, engulf inhaled material and present molecules on MHC II molecules.

Answer 18

Alveolar macrophages

Question 19

Forms the lining of the alveolar wall, squamous cells

Answer 19

Type 1 alveolar cells

Question 20

secret a special fluid called “surfactant”

Answer 20

Type II alveolar cells

Question 21

Oily fluid containing lipids: resembles liquid/detergent, prevents inside wall of an alveolus from sticking which would collapse the alveolar.

Answer 21

Surfactant

Question 22

Covering the outside of each lung, its clear, slick, thin membrane

Answer 22

Visceral Pleura

Question 23

Lines the inside of the chest, thin, slick, clear membrane, reduce friction between lungs in chest wall

Answer 23

Parietal pleura

Question 24

Breathing gas exchange between atmosphere and lungs

Answer 24

Ventilation

Question 25

Gas exchange between lungs and blood

Answer 25

External respiration

Question 26

Gas exchange between blood and tissue

Answer 26

Internal respiration

Question 27

What is the primary function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 27

To increase the surface are for warming, moistening, and filtering air

Question 28

What is another name for the throat?

Answer 28

Pharynx

Question 29

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for the exchange of the gases(oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs

Answer 29

Alveoli

Question 30

The trachea is commonly known as the?

Answer 30

Windpipe

Question 31

The epiglottis serves to?

Answer 31

prevent food from entering the trachea and during swallowing

Question 32

During inhalation, the diaphragm?

Answer 32

Contracts and moves downward

Question 33

During exhalation, the diaphragm?

Answer 33

Relaxes and moves upward

Question 34

The mucosa is what?

Answer 34

Epithelial Tissue

Question 35

The submucosa is what?

Answer 35

Connective tissue

Question 36

The muscular is what?

Answer 36

Skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 37

The serosa is what?

Answer 37

Outer membrane

Question 38

Mechanical digestion involves:

Answer 38

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

Question 39

The enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose

Answer 39

Salivary amylase

Question 40

Enzyme that breaks down certain bacteria?

Answer 40

Lysozyme

Question 41

Dissolves food chemicals and allows for tasting?

Answer 41

H2O

Question 42

Buffers food/ drink pH-neutralizes acidity of food/drink

Answer 42

Bicarbonate

Question 43

Makes food slimy for easier swallowing?

Answer 43

Mucous

Question 44

Which enzyme is responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach?

Answer 44

Pepsin

Question 45

Mechanical digestion in the stomach is primarily carried out by?

Answer 45

The charring and mixing action of smooth muscles

Question 46

What breaks down peptides into amino acids

Answer 46

Peptidases

Question 47

Break down lactose into glucose and galactose

Answer 47

Lactase

Question 48

Breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose

Answer 48

Sucrose

Question 49

Breaks down nucleic acids (DNAs and RNAs) into nucleotides

Answer 49

Nucleases

Question 50

What is inhalation when breathing at rest

Answer 50

Ventilation aka breathing

Question 51

The diaphragm and external intercostals contract, this expands chest cavities downward and outward which causes air pressure in lungs to decrease

Answer 51

Ventilation

Question 52

What is I.t called when taking a deep breath

Answer 52

Forced inhalation

Question 53

Forcibly blowing air out of the body

Answer 53

Forced exhalaction

Question 54

Disease characterized by acute episodes of bronchoconstriction and airways inflammation

Answer 54

Asthma

Question 55

COPD stands for what

Answer 55

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 56

Chronic airway inflammation, airways swell and fill with mucous

Answer 56

Bronchitis

Question 57

Lost of lung elasticity, damaged alveoli fuse

Answer 57

Emphysema

Question 58

Cerebral cortex's motor neurons are wired to our skeletal muscles that give rise to breathing

Answer 58

Control of ventilation-conscious control

Question 59

Region of brainstem(in the medulla and pons)

Answer 59

control of ventilation-unconscious control

Question 60

Hyperventilation

Answer 60

When there is increased co2, decreased o2 and or lower pH in blood

Question 61

Hypoventilation

Answer 61

When there's decreased co2, increased o2 and or hight pH in blood

Question 62

How is O2 transported in the blood

Answer 62

99% of O2 in the blood is bound to hemoglobin and 1% is dissolved in plama

Question 63

What are the factors affecting how well O2 binds to hemogobin

Answer 63

Temp, CO2, and pH

Question 64

How is CO2 transported in the blood

Answer 64

7% is dissolved in plasma, 23% is bound to hemoglobin and 70% is converted to bicarbonate(baking soda)

Question 65

What are the four layers of the digestive tract wall

Answer 65

mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis, serosa

Question 66

Mucous membrane layer, surrounds the lumen

Answer 66

Mucosa

Question 67

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 67

submucosa

Question 68

Musular Layer

Answer 68

muscularis

Question 69

Outer membrane covering, also known as visceral peritoneum

Answer 69

serosa

Question 70

What is a bolus

Answer 70

Food and drink are mixed with saliva

Question 71

What is digestive juice produced by the salivary glands and continuously secreted into the mouth

Answer 71

Saliva

Question 72

Dissolve chemicals in food to allow for tasting lubricates for food for swallowing

Answer 72

water and mucous

Question 73

neutralizes the acidy or alkalinity of food or drink

Answer 73

biocarbonate

Question 74

enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose

Answer 74

salivary amylase

Question 75

enzyme that breaks down certain bacteria

Answer 75

lysozyme

Question 76

Known as the throat and is involved with swallowing

Answer 76

Pharynx