Exam 4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are hazards of O2 therapy?
- Oxygen toxicity
- Depression of ventilation
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Absorption atelectasis
- Fire hazards
What are the symptoms of oxygen toxicity?
- Maintain FiO2 below 50-60% if possible
- substernal chest pain, coughing, restlessness
- decreased diffusion
- decreased lung surfactant / consolidation
What are the symptoms of depression of ventilation?
- confused, lethargic, decreased respiratory rate, decreased chest expansion
what are the symptoms of Retinopathy of prematurity?
PaO2 is the issue!
- PaO2 = 40-60%
what is Absorption atelectasis?
Greater risk with FiO2> 50%,
- High O2 depletes Nitrogen from the lungs and reduces the production of surfactant this then causes atelectasis
- Post-op pts.
- Central nervous system dysfunction pts.
- Retained secretion pts.
KNOW THE MATH
KNOW THE TABLE FOR PAO2 AND FiO2
what is co-oximetry?
Arterial blood gases
- Measures the O2 carrying state in the blood (SaO2)
- uses wave lengths or light to measure
What is the troubleshooting with pulse oximetry?
- Motion
- Low perfusion
- Ambient light
- Electromagnetic Interference (MRI)
- Nail polish
- Dark skin pigmentation
- edema
- Anemia
- CO2 poisoning
What are oxygen analyzers?
- measure inspired O2 concentrations
- most exam answers are calibration
what is the difference between fuel cell and clark analyzers?
Fuel cell
- battery powered
requires exposure to 100% air
Clark
- powered by fuel cells
- If unable to calibrate, change the fuel cell.
what are the home delivery systems and their indications?
- Cylinders - for patients who use small volumes of gas
- Liquid - patients who require high flow rates of oxygen
- Concentrators - oxygen use
what is a transtracheal catheter?
- long term use
- Delivers and FiO2 of 22 -35%
- surgically placed in trach
what is the resevoir cannula?
It requires less O2 to achieve the same effect
what are the classifications for hypoxemia on room air (21%)?
- Normal – 80 to 100
- Mild – 60 to 79
- Moderate – 40 to 59
- Severe - <40
what are the classifications for supplemental O2?
- Corrected – 80 to 100
- Under corrected - <80
- Overcorrected - >100
what is carboxyhemoglobin?
- The binding of CO prevents O2 from binding to hemoglobin.
- it’s reversible
- Pulse oximetry assumes that the patient has normal hemoglobin, PaO2, and SpO2 relationship (should be subtracted from SPO2)
where are the sensor cites for pulse oximetry?
Finger, forehead (temporal), toe, foot (pedal), nose, wrist, hand
what should we chart during pulse oximetry?
- Date, time, actual reading
- Patient’s position, activity level, location of monitoring
- FiO2, delivery device
- Probe type and placement
- Patient’s clinical appearance
what do you do when you get an incorrect reading on an oxygen analyzer?
Always recalibrate first before taking a second reading
how do you get accurate results during oxygen analyzation?
- Expose sensor to two gases - 100% and 21%
- Expose to 100% and adjust to that reading (per Egans)
- Expose to room air
- Use only if calibrated
What are oxygen analyzing results effected by?
- Water
- Positive pressure
- High altitude – Most effected by altitude changes
- Torn membrane
- Lack of electrolyte gel
what is the troubleshooting with oxygen analyzers?
Clark - change batteries
Galvanic fuel cell - replace fuel cell
what should a prescription for home oxygen include?
- Flowrate in L/min, concentration of device or both
- Frequency of use in hours/day
- Mode of delivery
- Duration of need (up 12 months)- revaluated after 12 months
