Exam 4 Flashcards
List five factors affecting language and speech acquisition:
- The first years of life represent a critical period.
- Early identification and early intervention
- Full-time and consistent use of hearing technology
- Family engagement and commitment
- Early-identified children with lower cognitive levels achieved essentially the same language levels as late-identified children with higher cognitive skills.
What are the three language components that are influenced by hearing loss?
- the form of language (phonology, syntax, and morphology)
- the content of language (vocabulary and semantics), &
- the use of language (pragmatics)
What are the common characteristics of the language forms that are observed from children with HL?
- shorter sentences
- overuse of certain sentence patterns
- infrequent use of adverbs, auxiliaries, and conjunctions
- decreased use of grammatical morphemes (plurals, possessive markers, verb tense, pronouns)
What are the common characteristics of the language contents that are observed from children with HL?
The content of the language is considered vocabulary and word meanings (semantics).
Reduced receptive and expressive vocabulary
Reduced ability to produce category labels
What are the common characteristics of the language use that are observed from children with HL?
School-age children with HL demonstrated delayed pragmatic skills (requesting, answering, calling attention to an event or action, directing, acknowledging, attempting to get information)
Children’s reading and writing are influenced by hearing loss. Which measure is one of the ways to assess this?
An important precursor to reading ability is the development of phonological awareness
What are the major differences in speech development in children with HL, comparing to their hearing peers?
-Delayed reduplicated babbling (same consonant-vowel syllable in a string, bababa)
-Fewer consonant-like sounds
-More restricted tongue positions for vowels
speech characteristic of children with severe to profound HL:
Difficulties with resonance (i.e., hyponasality and hypernasality) have also been observed
What are common speech characteristics of children with postlingual HL?
-can maintain normal speech development if the HL is identified early and well managed with hearing devices.
-Can develop similar speech to children with mild hearing loss or normal hearing
-Continue to demonstrate progress in speech over time
What are common clinical guidelines for better speech development in children with HL?
-Integrate auditory and speech goals.
-Follow a conversational approach (real-world speech) to intervention rather than “tutorial” format.
-Having parents and clinicians target spoken language goals during normal everyday activities.
The more severe the HL, the more ________ learning can be.
difficult
Don’t ignore that mild HL can put a child at risk for _____ ______
academic failure
T/F: The degree of HL is an important variable to consider, but don’t use it by itself as a determiner of the level of support provided by a school
True
What are the three key ideas of IDEA?
- The guarantee of a free appropriate public education (FAPE)
- The FAPE is to be provided in the least restrictive environment (LRE)
- A child’s education plan will be documented with the use of the Individualized Education Program (IEP)
These are a part of what?
-Curriculum & materials
-OT, PT, Speech, Language, and Audiologic services, & assistive technology
-One-on-one aides
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
This essentially open to interpretation and remains imprecise because it should be need specific and a child specific
LRE
This law includes AR services in school setting.
PL 94-142: “Education of All Handicapped Children Act”
This law includes all educational services including AR to include children from birth to 5 years of age
PL 99-457: “Education of Handicapped Act Amendments”
What is LRE for children with a mild to moderate HL?
They may succeed in a regular education classroom with full support
what DoE guidelines we use to determine LRE for children with severe to profound HL?
-Severity of HL and potential for using residual hearing
-Communication needs and the child’s and family’s preferred mode of communication
-Social, emotional, cultural needs of the child, including opportunities for peer interactions and communications
AR Services provided in Schools?
-Management of amplification
-Hearing conservation
-Transition planning to postsecondary placement
What components should be included for assessment of hearing functions?
-speech recognition (spondee words) in quiet and in noise with HA
-speechreading abilities in quiet and in noise
-functional performance (sentences) with amplification
What are three variables that can affect the acoustic environment of a classroom?
- Noise level
- Reverberation or echo
- Distance between teacher and student
We need _______ audiologists in school setting, but we have only 1300 in the U.S.
5000
