Exam 4

Question 1

Definition:

Antibiotic

Answer 1

an antimicrobial agent derived from cultures of a microorganism or produced semisynthetically, used to treat infections

Question 2

Definition:

Antimicrobial

Answer 2

an agent that kills or inhibits the growth or replication of microorganisms

Question 3

Definition:

Erythema

Answer 3

a redness tinge of skin color associated with a variety of skin rashes

Question 4

Definition:

Exudate

Answer 4

purulent discharge, consisting of fluid that escaped from the blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells, and dead tissue cells and products that they release

Question 5

Definition:

Hydrotherapy

Answer 5

the use of water as a healing treatment; it is used to decrease pain, decrease fever, reduce swelling, reduce cramps, induce sleep, and improve physical and mental tone

Question 6

Definition:

Immune response

Answer 6

3rd line of defense; specific defenses; a defense function of the body that protects the body against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi and other infectious agents

Question 7

Definition:

Infection

Answer 7

an invasion of body tissues by microorganisms and their growth there

Question 8

Definition:

Inflammatory response

Answer 8

a local and nonspecific defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent that occurs once the external barriers are compromised. second line of defense. it occurs the same time every time

Question 9

Definition:

Leukocytosis

Answer 9

an increase in the number of white blood cells

Question 10

Definition:

Phagocytosis

Answer 10

the process by which cells engulf microorganisms and cellular debris

Question 11

Definition:

Superinfection

Answer 11

an infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection. it is usually a result of change in normal tissue flora

Question 12

Definition:

vasoconstriction

Answer 12

constricted blood vessels

Question 13

Definition:

vasodilation

Answer 13

an increase in the diameter of blood vessels

Question 14

Describe nonspecific defenses

Answer 14

Occur the same way every time
Protect the person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
Anatomic and Physiologic barriers = first line of defense
Inflammatory Response = second line of defense

Question 15

Describe the first line of defense

Answer 15

Anatomic and physiologic barriers:
Intact skin and mucous membranes
Phagocytosis
Protect the individual against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure
Each body orifice has protective mechanisms

Question 16

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Nasal Passages

Answer 16

as entering air follows the route of passage, it comes in contact with moist mucous membranes and cilia. These trap microorganisms, dust, and foreign material

Question 17

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Oral cavity

Answer 17

regularly sheds mucosal epithelium to rid the mouth of colonizers. The flow of saliva and its partially buffering action help prevent infections

Question 18

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Lungs

Answer 18

Have alveolar macrophages. Phagocytes are cells that ingest microorganisms, dead cells, and foreign particles

Question 19

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Eyes

Answer 19

Tears which continually wash microorganisms away

Question 20

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 20

highly acidity of the stomach normally prevents microbial growth. the resident flora of the large intestine helps prevent the establishment of disease producing microorganisms. Peristalsis tends to move microbes out of the body

Question 21

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Vagina

Answer 21

woman reaches puberty, lactobacilli ferment sugars in vaginal secretions, creating a vaginal pH of 3.5 - 4.5 This low pH inhibits the growth of many disease producing microorganisms

Question 22

Describe the nonspecific defense mechanisms of the:

Urethra

Answer 22

the entrance to the urethra normally harbors many microorganisms. it is believed that the urine flow has a flushing and bacteriostatic action that keeps the bacteria from ascending the urethra

Question 23

List the 3 causes of inflammation

Answer 23

Physical agents include mechanical objects causing trauma to tissue, excessive heat or cold and radiation.

Chemical agents include external irritants and internal irritants

Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

Question 24

What are the 5 assessment findings of inflammation?

Answer 24

Pain
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Impaired function of the part if the injury is severe

Question 25

List the 3 stages of inflammation

Answer 25

Vascular and cellular response
Exudate Production
Reparative Phase