Exam 4

Question 1

Central dogma

Answer 1

genes specify the sequences of mRNA, which in turn specify the sequences of proteins

Question 2

Monomers of DNA

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

3 components of each DNA monomer

Answer 3

Nitrogen, sugar, phosphate

Question 4

Shape of DNA molecule

Answer 4

double helix

Question 5

transcription

Answer 5

making of mRNA from DNA

Question 6

template of transcription

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

enzyme of transcription

Answer 7

RNA polymerase

Question 8

how does the MRNA grow

Answer 8

by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end

Question 9

where does the mRNA go after it is completed

Answer 9

cytoplasm

Question 10

what is the purpose of writing the mRNA

Answer 10

so it can be used to transcribe proteins

Question 11

translation

Answer 11

making proteins

Question 12

template of tranlation

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

what is the codon in translation

Answer 13

mRNA

Question 14

what is the anti codon of tranlation

Answer 14

tRNA

Question 15

what end do you read mRNA

Answer 15

right side or the 5’ end

Question 16

what is produced in translation

Answer 16

protein

Question 17

mutation

Answer 17

changes in the sequences of a gene

Question 18

genotype

Answer 18

set of alleles in an individual in a given gene

Question 19

phenotype

Answer 19

final end product of a gene and its interactions with its environment

Question 20

gene

Answer 20

specific region on the DNA that codes for the polypeptide

Question 21

allele

Answer 21

different forms of the same gene

Question 22

locus

Answer 22

physical location of a gene on chromosome

Question 23

homozygous

Answer 23

two copies of the same gene

Question 24

heterozygous

Answer 24

individuals with two different alleles

Question 25

microevolution

Answer 25

change in allele frequencies

Question 26

Where does microevolution occur

Answer 26

only at population

Question 27

population

Answer 27

group of organisms living in the same place in time

Question 28

gene pool

Answer 28

sum of all the alleles in a population

Question 29

allele frequency

Answer 29

rate at which specific allele appears within a population

Question 30

genotype frequency

Answer 30

relative proportion of a given genotype in a population

Question 31

Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium

Answer 31

states that a populations allele and genotype frequency are stable unless an evolutionary force is acting upon them

Question 32

reproductive isolating mechanism

Answer 32

when something has the inability to breed

Question 33

temporal isolation

Answer 33

when two populations have different breeding seasons

Question 34

habitat isolation

Answer 34

a population relocates and is no longer able to breed with the population of the first habitat

Question 35

behavioral isolation

Answer 35

occurs when the presence or absence of a specific behavior prevents reproduction from taking place

Question 36

biological species concept

Answer 36

used to differentiate between different groups of reproductively isolated organisms

Question 37

Mutation (R or NR)

Answer 37

random

Question 38

Gene flow (R or NR)

Answer 38

both

Question 39

Natural selection (R or NR)

Answer 39

non random

Question 40

Genetic drift (R or NR)

Answer 40

random

Question 41

what is needed for a new species

Answer 41

reproductive isolation, infertile offspring, geographical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation

Question 42

chromatid

Answer 42

one part of the chromosome

Question 43

homologous chromosome

Answer 43

two identical chromosomes

Question 44

centromere

Answer 44

connects the chromatids

Question 45

sex chromosome

Answer 45

what determines your sex

Question 46

autosome

Answer 46

the rest of the chromosome

Question 47

diploid

Answer 47

two copies of a gene

Question 48

haploid

Answer 48

one copy of a gene