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Biology 102 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Histology

A

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

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2
Q

Name the types of epithelial tissues

A

cuboidal, columnar, squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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3
Q

Function and location of simple squamous epithelial

A

F: potection
L: peritoneum, pleural membranes, blood vessel linings

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4
Q

Function and location of stratified squamous epithelial

A

F: protection, secretion
L: epidermis/ outer layer of skin

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5
Q

Function and location of cuboidal epithelial

A

F: secretion
L: thyroid, pancreas, salivary glands

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6
Q

Function and location of columnar epithelial

A

F: absorption (goblet cells - secretion, cilia move mucus upward - trachea, bronchial tubes, fallopian tubes)
L: stomach, intestine, digestive system linings

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7
Q

Function and location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

F: secretion
L: trachea central cavity

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8
Q

Name the main types of connective tissues

A

bone, loose connective tissue (connective tissue proper), cartilage, blood and lymph

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9
Q

Name the types of loose connective tissue aka connective tissue proper

A

areolar, adipose, dense (fibrous) connective/regular

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10
Q

Name the types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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11
Q

Name the types of blood and lymph

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

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12
Q

Function and location of areolar

A

F: holds skin to body, support/strength
L: organs, blood vessel linings, skin

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13
Q

Function and location of adipose

A

F: insulates, cushions
L: under skin, around kidneys, around eye sockets, etc

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14
Q

Function and location of dense (fibrous) connective/reg

A

F: connect bone to bone & bone to muscle
L: ligaments and tendons

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15
Q

Function of bone

A

F: intracellular matrix contains CaCO3 & phosphate (RBCs&WBCs)

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16
Q

Function and location of hyaline cartilage

A

F: support, reinforcement, connection
L: bone ends, nose, ribs to sternum, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes
- articular, costal, skeletal, embryological

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17
Q

Function and location of elastic cartilage

A

F: flexible support/strength, reinforcement
L: external ear, Eustacian tubs, larynx

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18
Q

Function and location of fibrocartilage

A

F: support, connection, protection
L: invertebral discs btwn vertebrae, pubic symphisis, joints

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19
Q

Function of erythrocytes

A

F: nonnucleated, carries O2 via hemoglobin

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20
Q

Function of leukocytes

A

F: immune responses, lysosome packed

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21
Q

Function of thrombocytes

A

F: blood clotting, wound healing

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22
Q

Basement membrane

A

a thin, delicate membrane of protein fibers and sugars separating epithelium from underlying tissue

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23
Q

Matrix

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A

the intercellular substance of a tissue, as bone matrix, or the tissue from which a structure develops, as hair or nail matrix

24
Q

Erythrocytes

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A

aka red blood cells; carries O2 via hemoglobin

25
Leukocytes
aka white blood cells; function in immune responses
26
Thrombocyte
aka platelets; functions in blood clotting
27
Hematocrit
the ratio of blood volume that is occupied by RBCs, usually expressed as a % of the total blood volume
28
Fibroblast
a cell that manufactures and maintains connective tissue
29
Chondroblast
dividing cell of growing cartilage tissue, important in bone growth
30
Osteoblast
the bone forming cells responsible for bone growth, ossification, and regeneration; doesn't divide
31
Action potential
the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell
32
Dendrite
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
33
Synapse
a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter
34
Axon
the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells
35
The function of neurons and the three parts
- generate and conduct electrical impulses - cell body: main part of the cell, has the nucleus & most of the cytoplasm and organelles dendrites: small slender extensions of the cell body, receive incoming info axon: long slender extension, specialized to conduct electrical impulses away from the cell body
36
Plasma
- One of the parts of the blood, the matrix | - Composed of water, nutrients, salts, hormones
37
Haversian canal system
the minute tubes that form a network in bone and contain blood vessels; used for communication
38
Name the types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
39
Function and location of skeletal muscle tissue
F: movement L: voluntary, attached to bones (striations, multiple nuclei)
40
Function and location of cardiac muscle tissue
F: Blood circulation L: heart (striated, single nuclei, branching w connections via intercalated discs)
41
Function and location of smooth muscle tissue
F: peristaltic action, internal organ movement L: involuntary, walls of tubular organs (single nuclei, tapering at ends)
42
Intercalated discs
connects cardiac muscle cells to work as a functional organ (in sync)
43
Signal transduction
a set of chemical reactions in a cell that occurs when a molecule, such as a hormone, attaches to a receptor on a cell membrane; biochemical cascade
44
Function and location of nervous tissue
F: stimuli reception, transmission, interpretation and coordination of nerve impulses L: CNS and PNS
45
Myosin
thick filament; composed of two twisted protein strands with globular parts called cross- bridges projecting outward along their lengths
46
Actin
thin filament; has globular structures with a binding site to which the myosin cross- bridge can attach
47
Sarcoplasmic recticulum
Stores and releases calcium surrounds myofibril
48
Sacromere
Contractile unit of muscle fiber
49
Systole
- contraction of the ventricles | - open - semi-lunar valves
50
Diastole
- atria conract | - open - Bi & tricuspid valves
51
Sinoatrial node
aka SA node; a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals
52
Atrioventricular node
aka AV node; serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the SA node before the signal is permitted to pass down through to the ventricles
53
Myelin sheath
insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon; facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses
54
Efferent vs. Afferent pathways
Efferent pathways carry signals away from the CNS; essentially, signals your brains sends to parts of your body. Afferent neurons bring stimuli to the brain, where the signal is integrated and processed; as a result, the brain then coordinates via efferent signals back to the rest of the body
55
Reflex arc
the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between
56
Saltatory conduction
increases the conduction velocity of action potentials as it passes from one node of Ranvier to the next

Biology 102 (4 decks)

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