Exam 4 Flashcards
The amount of a chemical that causes injury is often dependent upon dosage. Which of the following best describes dosage in this context?
a. The distribution of the chemical in the environment b. The list of toxic chemicals produced by the EPA c. The amount of chemical /kg of body weight d. The amount of cell injury the chemical causes
c. The amount of chemical /kg of body weight
Children are at higher risk of negative effects from lead exposure because…
a. They eat more fish b. They absorb more from food c. They get vaccinated more often d. They are exposed to batteries more often
b. They absorb more from food
The symptoms of mercury poisoning are:
a. Anemia, mental deterioration, abdominal pain b. Decreased ATP production, increased ROA, cardiac problems c. Obstructive lung disease, renal toxicity, osteoporosis d. Tremor, gingivitis, bizarre behavior
d. Tremor, gingivitis, bizarre behavior
Toxin exposure can result in which of the following?
a. Excretion of the toxin soon after exposure b. Storage of the toxin within the body c. Transformation into a reactive form of the toxin within the body d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Arsenic poisoning cases disruption in:
a. Oxidative phosphorylation b. RBC production c. Gas transfer in lungs d. Bone healing
a. Oxidative phosphorylation
Coal miners are exposed to large amounts of coal dust in the air. Without proper respirators, they are at risk of developing which of the following conditions?
a. Chloracne b. Hepatitis c. Pneumoconiosis d. Marasmu
c. Pneumoconiosis
Which of the following cancers is associated with cigarette smoking?
a. Bone b. Brain c. Skin d. Esophagus
d. Esophagus
Smoking contributes to emphysema because the constant irritations produces inflammation and recruits neutrophils. The neutrophils release _______ which damages the lungs.
a. Phenol b. Elastase c. Carbon monoxide d. Lipids
b. Elastase
Ethanol causes fat accumulation in the liver that can lead to cirrhosis. This happens beau alcohol dehydrogenase causes….
a. Production of ROS and lipid oxidation in the liver b. Changes n the NADH/NAD+ ratio c. Acetaldehyde production d. Release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria
b. Changes n the NADH/NAD+ ratio
Which of the following is an adverse drug reaction?
a. Alcohol toxicity from binge drinking b. An allergic reaction to penicillin c. Fetal hypoxia from cocaine use by the mother d. All of the above
b. An allergic reaction to penicillin
Cocaine inhibits the re-uptake of what neurotransmitter in central nervous system synapses?
a. Epinephrine b. Serotonin c. Dopamine d. GABA
a. Epinephrine
c. Dopamine
Before James Lind realized that citrus fruit could help, sailors had enough food for long voyages, but they often suffered from scurvy due to a lack of vitamin C. This problem is a type of ….
a. Primary malnutrition b. Secondary malnutrition c. Neither d. Both
a. Primary malnutrition
Kwashiorkor is a type of protein energy malnutrition. People with this condition have rounded abdomens because of…..
a. Muscle loss b. Hypoalbuminemia c. Renal insufficiency d. Cachexia
b. Hypoalbuminemia
Bell is having problems with dry eyes, infections, and driving at night. Bell’s conditions could be caused by which of the following deficiencies in her diet?
a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Protein
a. Vitamin A
What happens following a decrease in vitamin D absorption or production?
a. Increased calcium and phosphate levels in the blood b. Increased calcium absorption in the intestine c. Increased parathyroid hormone d. Decreased parathyroid hormone
c. Increased parathyroid hormone
Increased body weight due to adipose tissue accumulation that is of sufficient magnitude to cause adverse health effects is the definition of…..
a. Obesity b. BMI c. Body fat % d. Overweigh
a. Obesity
Bill and his doctor are discussing his recent weight gain. Which of the following factors might his doctor mention as a possible influence on Bill’s weight?
a. His family history b. The state of his microbiome c. Osteoarthritis d. Massive obesity
d. Massive obesity
Leptin sends a signal to the brain that causes….
a. Decrease in food intake b. Decrease in energy expenditure c. Osteoarthritis d. Massive obesity
a. Decrease in food intake
Influenza virus is transmitted through aerosols and through person to person contact. What is the most likely route of infection for this respiratory virus?
a. Ingestion b. Inhalation c. Sexual transmission d. Injection
b. Inhalation
What is keratitis?
a. Inflammation of the cornea b. Inflammation of the skin c. Inflammation of the iris d. Inflammation of the finger and toe nails
a. Inflammation of the cornea
A hysterectomy is….
a. Removal of hypothalamus b. Removal of the hyoid bone c. Removal of the uterus d. Removal of gonads
c. Removal of the uterus
Oliguria is…..
a. Production of large amounts of protein b. Production of small amounts of urine c. Production of large amounts of nitrogen d. Production of small amounts of blood
b. Production of small amounts of urine
A melanocyte is a …..
a. Cell which produces a dark pigment b. Cell which softens the tissue by being fill of fat c. Cell which produces mucus d. Transformed cell from a skin tumor
a. Cell which produces a dark pigment
Pili and Protein F contribute to bacteria virulence in what was?
a. They aid in adherence b. The help bacteria invade host cells c. They are toxins d. They make biofilms
a. They aid in adherence
