exam 4 Flashcards
(298 cards)
1
Q
axon
A
noodle
2
Q
dendrite
A
fingers
3
Q
myelin sheath
A
encapsulate
4
Q
schwann cell
A
cover fiber/axon
5
Q
node of ranvier
A
gaps
6
Q
soma
A
cell body
7
Q
synaptic knob
A
ends of telodendria
8
Q
endoneurium
A
cover each axon (after schwann)
9
Q
perineurium
A
cover bundles of endoneurium
10
Q
epineurium
A
cover entire nerve
11
Q
cranial nerve 1
A
-olfactory
-smell
S: nose>brain
12
Q
cranial nerve 2
A
-optic
-sight
S: eye>
13
Q
cranial nerve 3
A
-oculomotor
-dilation of pupil
M: >eye
14
Q
cranial nerve 4
A
-trochlear
-rotation of eyeballs
M: 1 eye muscle
15
Q
cranial nerve 5
A
-trigeminal
*huge
-face sensation/chewing
B: pons (s)/ mastication (m)
16
Q
cranial nerve 6
A
-abducens
-eye movement
M: 1 eye muscle
17
Q
cranial nerve 7
A
-facial
-wrinkle forehead/close eyes
B: Pons (s)/ facial muscles and salivary glands (m)
18
Q
cranial nerve 8
A
-acoustic
-hearing
S: medulla oblongata
19
Q
cranial nerve 9
A
-glossopharyngeal
-swallow/taste
B: medulla (S)/ pharynx and saliv glands (m)
20
Q
cranial nerve 10
A
-vagus nerve
*goes to thorax/abdomen
-voice/visceral nerve funky
B: medulla (s)/ digest, heart, and resp muscles (m)
21
Q
cranial nerve 11
A
-spinal
-head rotatio/shoulder movement
M: sternocleido/traps
22
Q
cranial nerve 12
A
hypoglossal
M:tongue
23
Q
anterior median fissure
A
front split of spinal cord
24
Q
posterior median sulcus
A
back split of spinal cord
25
anterior ventral horn
front horn
26
posterior ventral horn
back horn
27
anterior funiculli
front space in spinal cord
28
lateral horn
side dips
29
lateral funiculli
side space in spinal cord
30
posterior funiculli
back space in spinal cord
31
posterior root
back connection
32
anterior root
front connection
33
posterior root ganglion
bulb of post dorsal root
34
rami communicantes
"tendon"
35
posterior ramus
back road
36
anterior ramus
front road
37
cranial nerves mnemonic
```
On
Old
Olympus
Tiny
Tops
A
Finn
And
German
Viewed
Some
Hops
--------------
Some
Say
Mary
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Bad
Businesses
Marry
Money
```
38
dura mater (brain)
outermost covering of meninges (under bone)
39
arachnoid (brain)
middle layer of meninges
40
pia mater (brain)
deepest layer of meninges
41
3 layers of meninges
- dura mater (superf)
- arachnoid
- pia mater (deep)
42
subarachnoid space (brain)
space above lobes
| b/w pia and arach
43
flax cerebri
middle divider into gap of longitudinal fissure
44
tentorium cerebelli
transverse sheath in gap b/w brain and cerebellum
45
diaphragm sellae
roof of pituitary gland
46
superior/inferior sagittal sinus
looking at longitudinal cut, top/middle rainbow
47
transverse sinus
looking at longitudinal cut, sinus at base of head
48
sigmoid sinus
sinus next to transverse, leading down
49
straight sinus
bottom shaft of inferior sagittal sinus
50
cavernous sinus
pretzel sinus in middle
51
choroid plexus
red wrinkle worm above thalamus
52
lateral ventricles
horns on alien
53
3rd ventricle
O on alien
54
4th ventricle
stem at the bottom of alien
55
cerebral aqueduct
shaft of stem
56
frontal lobe
front
57
parietal lobe
middle lobe
58
occipital lobe
back lobe
59
temporal lobe
side of head
60
insula
under
61
precentral gyrus
separates fontal and parietal sagittally
| -frontal lobe
62
primary motor cortex
middle noodle on frontal side
63
brocas area
deep middle toward temporal lobe
64
post central gyrus
separates fontal and parietal sagittally
| -parietal side
65
primary somatosensory cortex
middle noodle on parietal side
66
primary auditory cortex
top of temporal lobe in middle
67
pimary olfactory cortex
middle of temporal "snail"
68
primary visual cortex
very back of head
| -occipital lobe
69
primary gustatory cortex
on insula under base of middle noodle
| -insula
70
gnostic area
area around fold b/w occipital, temporal, and parietal
71
Wernicke's area
middle of gnostic area
72
longitudinal fissure
down the middle long ways
73
transverse fissure
slice above cerebellum
74
central sulcus
line in b/w noodles
75
lateral sulcus
line above temporal
76
corpus callosum
horns on alien
77
anterior and posterior commissures
- tiny circle on base of corpus collosum (ant)
| - tiny circle across ^ medially (post)
78
intermediate mass/interthalamic adhesion
tiny circle inside thalamus
79
caudate nucleus
horns of putamen
80
putamen
bulb with horns next to thalamus
81
amygdaloid body
circle at the end of caudate nucleus
82
pineal gland
next to posterior commissure
83
infundibulum
base of pituitary gland
84
pituitary gland
under hypothalamus
85
cerebral peduncles
"tendons" connected to thalamus
86
tectal plate
made up of sup/inf colliculi
87
sup/inf colliculi
2 bumbs next to cerebral peduncles
88
pons
large bulb above medulla oblongata
89
mammillary body
small bump connected to pituitary gland
90
olive
sides of medulla oblongata
91
pyramids
front "butt" of medulla
92
folia
"leaves" of cerebellum
93
gray matter
outside border of cerebellum
94
arbor vitae
"tree trunk" of cerebellum
95
vermis
butterfly stem or cerebellum
96
conus medullaris
cone @ thoracic and lumbar connection
97
cauda equina
chunk @ base of spine
98
film terminale
branching out @ saccrum
99
posterior median sulcus
spinal cord back invagination
100
anterior median sulcus
spinal cord front invagination
101
cervical enlargement
bump @ topp
102
lumbosacral enlargement
enlargement @ butt
103
dura mater (spine)
wraps around spinal cord after arachnoid mater
104
arachnoid mater (spine)
wraps around spinal cord after pia mater
105
pia mater (spine)
directly wraps around spinal cord
106
subarachnoid mater (spine)
space b/w pia and arachnoid
107
epidural space
in b/w dura mater and vertebrae (contains fat)
108
denticulate ligaments
ligaments in sub arachnoid space anchoring spinal cord to arachnoid mater
109
anterior horn
front horn
110
posterior horn
back horn
111
gray commisure (spine)
inside
112
white commissure (spine)
outside
113
central canal
hole in the middle
114
anterior funiculi
front space of white matter
115
posterior funiculi
back space of white matter
116
lateral funiculi
side space of white matter
117
posterior root
back root connected to spinal cord
118
anterior root
front root connected to spinal cord
119
rami communicantes
bridge to lateral to spine (alt highway)
120
posterior root ganglia
bulb on posterior root
121
phrenic nerve
C3-C5
| cervical
122
musculocutaneous nerve
C5-7 down biceps
123
median nerve
down shoulder to fingers
124
ulnar nerve
down shoulder to pinkies
125
radial nerve
down shoulder to thumb
126
femoral nerve
from spine to medial side of tibia
127
sciatic nerve
sacrum down hams
128
tibial/ common nerve
branch off sciatic
- tibial: all the way to heel
- common: down half way to calf
129
deep fibular nerve
in b/w fibula and tibia (DEEP)
130
superficial fibular nerve
on side of fibula
131
sympathetic trunk
alt highway
132
sympathetic ganglia
bulb on sympathetic trunk
133
lacrimal gland
superior/lateral "little brain"
134
vitreous chamber
jelly blob
135
cornea
clear lens
136
sclera
white part around eyeball
137
choroid
b/w retina and sclera
138
ciliary body
burple flower bumps
139
suspensory ligaments
- connected to ciliary body
| - not visible
140
pupil
middle of iris
141
iris
colored part
142
retina
orange part w/ blood vessels on it
143
ora serrata
flower border
144
rods
I
145
cones
cone shaped
146
bipolar cells
---O---
147
ganglion cells
after bipolar
148
optic disk
opening in back of eye
149
fovea
dip in the back of the eye
150
lens
2nd largest bubble
151
anterior chamber
b/w cornea and lens
152
posterior chamber
surrounding jelly
153
lateral rectus
lateral muscle
154
medial rectus
medial muscle
155
superior rectus
top muscle
156
inferior rectus
bottom muscle
157
superior oblique
on the hook
158
inferior oblique
wraps on the side and under the eyeball
159
auricle
outside of ear
160
external auditory meatus
canal to ear drum
161
tympanic membrane
eardrum
162
malleus
connected to ear drum
163
incus
stick connected to malleus
164
stapes
next to incus, connects to snail oval window
165
auditory tube
leads down to pharynx
166
vestibule
shaft of snail
| saccule/utricle
167
saccule
sacs in pretzel
168
utricle
meaty part of pretzel
169
semicircular canals
pretzel
170
ampulla
bulbs @ end of pretzels
171
cochlea
snail
| scala vestibuli, cochlear duct, scala tympani
172
scala vestibuli
big sac sup in snail
173
cochlear duct
middle sac in snail
174
scala tympani
inf sac in snail
175
oval window
oval
176
round window
circle
177
basophils
dark, least visible cytoplasm, granules
178
neutrophils
- light color
- baby lobed nucleus
- still see cytoplasm
179
platelets
- fragments
| - blue booger model
180
eosinophils
- red granules
- bilobed
- cant see cyto
181
monocytes
- biggest
| - lima bean nucleus
182
lymphocytes
halo
183
fibrous pericardium
fuzzy outside of balloon
184
epicardium
inside of balloon
185
myocardium
striated
186
endocardium
in each chamber
187
auricle
doggy ears
188
coronary sulcus
divide under R atrium/auricle
189
anterior/posterior interventricular sulcus
down the middle
190
base
around top arteries
191
apex
tip of heart
192
pectinate muscles
ridges along atria borders
193
trabeculae carnae
meat in ventricles
194
chordeae tendineae
strings
195
papillary muscles
fingers in ventricles
196
ascending aorta
going up
197
aortic arch
top of aorta
198
pulmonary veins
from lungs
199
pulmonary artery
to lungs
200
ligamentum arteriosum
connect pulmonary trunk and aorta
201
posterior interventricular artery
down the middle in the back
202
R marginal artery
lowest vein in front under R atrium
203
circumflex artery
most L top on front and goes around
204
anterior interventricular artery
down the middle, front
205
middle cardiac vein
L in back under interventricular artery
206
small cardiac vein
front very bottom tip of flap
207
coronary sinus
back around top
208
great cardiac vein
down along middle in front
209
tunica externa
outer layer of vessel
210
tunica media
middle layer
211
tunica interna
inner layer
212
ascending aorta
^
213
aortic arch
top
214
descending thoracic aorta
down chest
215
descending abdominal aorta
down abdomen
216
vertebral artery
pons bottom 1/2
217
basilar artery
top 1/2 on pons
218
middle cerebral artery
starts in brain butt crack
| huge top on spider/bug
219
anterior communicating artery
top of head of spider/bug
220
anterior cerebral artery
horns of spider/bug head
221
internal carotid artery
behind jaw
222
posterior communicating artery
cheeks of head of spider/bug
223
posterior cerebral artery
rainbow in back of head
224
axillary artery
armpit
225
brachial artery
bicep
226
ulnar artery
pinky
227
radial artery
thumb
228
palmar arch artery
palm
229
digital artery
fingers
230
brachiocephallic trunk artery
1st artery from aorta leading to arm
231
common carotid artery
up neck
232
external and internal carotid artery
external: front/thinner
233
subclavian artery
clavicle
234
internal thoracic artery
around mediastinum
235
intercostals artery
in b/w ribs
236
esophageal artery
on esophagus
237
celiac trunk artery
- splenic (spleen L)
- hepatic (liver R)
- L gastric (middle ^^)
238
suprarenal artery
top of adrenal glands
239
renal artery
to kidneys
240
superior and inferior mesenteric artery
alien baby branches
241
gonadal artery
small ones
242
common iliac artery
branches off aorta
243
internal and external iliac artery
internal: small
external: turns into femoral
244
superior and inferior epigastric artery
at mediastinum and bottom of 8 packs
245
femoral artery
thigh
246
deep femoral artery
short/branches around femur
247
popliteal artery
knee
248
anterior and posterior tibial artery
ant: front/lat
post: post/med
249
palmar arch vein
hand
250
ulnar vein
pinky
251
radial vein
thumb
252
brachial vein
arm
253
axillary vein
armpit
254
cephalic vein
after subclavian (deltoid)
255
basilic vein
arm flap
256
median cubital vein
front of elbow
257
intercostal vein
ribs
258
hemiazygos vein
on vertebrae
259
internal and external jugular vein
ext: more lateral
260
subclavian vein
clavicle
261
brachiocephallic vein
branch out of sup vena cava
262
external and internal iliac vein
int: short branch
ext: leads to thigh
263
common iliac vein
branches off from trunk
264
gonadal vein
small
265
renal vein
kidney
266
suprarenal vein
adrenal glands
267
hepatic portal vein
liver
268
superior and inferior epigastric vein
mediatinum and bottom of 8 pack
269
superior and inferior mesenteric vein
baby alien
270
femoral vein
thigh
271
deep femoral vein
wraps around femur
272
popliteal vein
knee
273
posterior tibial vein
back/medial
274
fibular vein
most lateral
275
anterior tibial vein
front lateral
276
plantar vein
foot
277
digital vein
toes
278
great saphenous vein
all along inner leg
279
little saphenous vein
straight down calf
280
lymphatic capillaries
intertwined
281
afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
afferent: into lymph
efferent: out of lymph
282
L thoracic lymphatic duct
in b/w subclavian and jugular branch
283
pharyngeal tonsils
under nose
284
palatine tonsils
throat
285
lingual tonsils
under tongue
286
peyer's patches
on small intestine
287
thymus
in b/w lungs
288
spleen
behind stomach
289
axillary lymph nodes
armpit
290
inguinal lymph nodes
groin
291
cervical lymph nodes
neck
292
lymph node capsule
outside layer
293
lymph node trabeculae
outer meat lining
294
lymph node cortex
inner meat
295
medulla
very center
296
medullar cords
striated center
297
medullary sinuses
inside cords
298
cortical sinuses
orange slice lines
