Exam 4

Question 1

Defined as one-half the distance between the centers of two adjacent atoms

Answer 1

Metallic radius

Question 2

Defined as one-half the distance between the centers of the atoms in the molecules

Answer 2

Covalent radius

Question 3

The minimum energy(kJ/mol) required to remove sn electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state

Answer 3

Ionization energy

Question 4

The negative of the energy change that occurs when an electron is accepted by an atom in the gaseous state to form an anion

Answer 4

Electron affinity

Question 5

X + e = X-

Answer 5

Electron affinity

Question 6

Have the same number of electrons, and hence the same ground-state electron configuration
Ex. Na+, Al3+, F-, O2-, and N3-

Answer 6

Isoelectronic

Question 7

The positive charge felt by an electron

Answer 7

Effective nuclear charge(Zeff)

Question 8

The outer shell electrons of an atom. Participate in chemical bonding

Answer 8

Valence electrons

Question 9

The electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound

Answer 9

Ionic bond

Question 10

The energy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions

Answer 10

Lattice energy

Question 11

A chemical bond in which two or more electrons are shared by two atoms

Answer 11

Covalent bond

Question 12

Two atoms share two pairs of electrons

Answer 12

Double bond

Question 13

Two atoms share three pairs of electrons

Answer 13

Triple bond

Question 14

A covalent bond with greater electron density around one of the two atoms

Answer 14

Polar covalent bond or polar bond

Question 15

The ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical bond

Answer 15

Electronegativity

Question 16

The difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and the number of electrons assigned to that atom in a leeis structure

Answer 16

Formal charge

Question 17

One of two or more lewis structures for a single molecule that cannot be represented accurately by only one lewis structure

Answer 17

Resonance structure

Question 18

The enthalpy change required to break a particular bond in one mole of gaseous molecules

Answer 18

Bond enthalpy

Question 19

The distance between identical points on successive waves

Answer 19

Wavelength

Question 20

The vertical distance from the midline of a wave to the peak or trough

Answer 20

Amplitude

Question 21

The number of waves that pass through a particular point in 1 second

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

The interaction between waves

Answer 22

Interference

Question 23

Waves that interact so that they add to make a larger wave are said to be in phase

Answer 23

Constructive interference

Question 24

Waves that interact so that they cancel each other are said to be out of phase

Answer 24

Destructive interference

Question 25

n-l-1

Answer 25

Equation to find nodes

Question 26

Represents the total probability at a certain distance from the nucleus

Answer 26

Radial distribution function

Question 27

Principle quantum number(energy level)

Answer 27

n

Question 28

Angular momentum quantum number(orbital type)

Answer 28

l

Question 29

Magnetic quantum number(position of orbital)

Answer 29

ml

Question 30

Spin quantum number(orientation of the spin)

Answer 30

ms

Question 31

The more accurately you know the position of a small particle, such as an electron, the less you know about its speed(momentum), and vice versa

Answer 31

heisenberg's uncertainty principle

Question 32

Allows us to calculate the probability of finding an electron with a particular amount of energy at a particular location in the atom

Answer 32

Schrodinger's equation

Question 33

A probability distribution map of a region where the electron is likely to be found

Answer 33

Orbital

Question 34

Represents the total probability of finding an electron at a particular point in space

Answer 34

Probability density function

Question 35

Same sign

Answer 35

Phase

Question 36

Opposite signs

Answer 36

Out of phase

Question 37

The sign of the wave function

Answer 37

Phase

Question 38

Distance of electrons from the nucleus

Answer 38

n

Question 39

Spherical

Answer 39

S orbitals

Question 40

Like two balloons tied at the knots(dumbbell shape)

Answer 40

P orbital

Question 41

Like four balloons toed at the knots

Answer 41

D orbital

Question 42

Like eight balloons tied at the knots

Answer 42

F orbital

Question 43

Shape of the volume of space that electron occupies

Answer 43

l

Question 44

Orientation of the orbital in space

Answer 44

ml

Question 45

No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Answer 45

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 46

Fill-up electrons in lowest energy orbitals

Answer 46

Aufbau principle

Question 47

The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins

Answer 47

Hund's rule

Question 48

Unpaired electrons

Answer 48

Paramagnetic

Question 49

All electrons paired

Answer 49

Diamagnetic