Exam 4

Question 1

Vision distrubance presenting as decreased visual acuity and color distrubances

Answer 1

Cataracts

Question 2

Visual disturbance related to resistance of aqueous outflow through trabecular network

Answer 2

primary open angle glaucoma

Question 3

Visual disturbance caused by lens blocking pupillary opening

Answer 3

primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 4

Visual disturbance treated with beta-adrenergic agents

Answer 4

primary open anle glaucoma

Question 5

Visual disturbance causing loss of central vision with corneal edema

Answer 5

primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 6

Beta blocker that decreases aqueous humor production

Answer 6

betaxolol

Question 7

adreneric agonist, decreases aqueous humor production

Answer 7

dipivefrin

Question 8

cholinergic agent that stimulated iris sphincter contraction, opening of trabecular network and increase in aqueous outflow

Answer 8

carbachol

Question 9

Glaucoma due to bulging lens and closed angle, quick to develop

Answer 9

Primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 10

Glaucoma due to clogged drainage channels, slow to develop, tunnel vision increases

Answer 10

Primary open angle glaucoma

Question 11

Slowly progressive disorder, primary or secondary; cartilage degenerates, pulling bones together

Answer 11

Osteoarthritis

Question 12

How is osteoarthritis diagnosed?

Answer 12

Based on patient complaint. symptoms; cannot be detected by X-rays until VERY late stages

Question 13

Treatment for osteoarthritis

Answer 13

Tylenol (no more than 3 g. per day), heat for chronic pain, cold for acute pain, low impact exercise

Question 14

Joint protection includes

Answer 14

Splinting, ROM, proper body mechanics

Question 15

Endocrine drug: Thyroid gland horomone that binds calcitonin receptors on osteoclasts, inhibiting osteoclast activity; decreses bone reabsorption, pain and serum Ca concentrations

Answer 15

Calcitonin

Question 16

Trauma, mechanical stress are common causes of this

Answer 16

Secondary osteoarthritis

Question 17

Tobacco, ETOH consumption (2 or more drinks/day) are risk factors for this, female gender, Caucasian or Asian ethnicity

Answer 17

Osteoporosis

Question 18

Bisphosponate used to treat osteoporosis

Answer 18

Fosamax

Question 19

Low diastolic pressure, impaired mental abilities, elevated temperature are all risk factors for this

Answer 19

Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer)

Question 20

Pressure ulcer with eschar present is in which stage?

Answer 20

Cannot be staged

Question 21

Spontaneous arousals or difficultly starting sleep

Answer 21

Dyssomnia; Insomnia

Question 22

Excessive sleepiness for over 1 month, functional impairment, difficulty waking up

Answer 22

Dyssomnia; Hypersomnia

Question 23

Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease

Answer 23

Neurofibrillary tangles; other causes unclear

Question 24

Model used to reduce environmental stimulus and stress; decreasing anxiety and dysfunctional behaviors in dementia patients

Answer 24

PLST Model

Question 25

Model used when dementia behavior is not disruptive; work with proximal factors (things that induce need)

Answer 25

NDDCB model

Question 26

Causes including drugs, elimination, liver and organs, infection, respiratory, injury, unfamiliar environment, metabolic

Answer 26

Delirium