EXAM 4

Question 1

yellow-orange color due to consuming large amounts of Vitamin C

Answer 1

carotenemia

Question 2

tiny pimples resulting from sebum production in infants

Answer 2

milia

Question 3

Where would one test skin tugor in infants?

Answer 3

abdomen

Question 4

Film present at birth

Answer 4

vernix caseosa

Question 5

Test where infant is place on their side, downward facing side becomes red, rest of the body blanches; normal finding

Answer 5

Harlequin color change

Question 6

Tiny bumps presents looking like flea bites; tiny red papules; normal finding in infants

Answer 6

Erythema toxicum

Question 7

Abnormal temperature finding in 0-8 year olds

Answer 7

Over 105 degrees Farenheit

Question 8

Usually appears at about 2-3 weeks, lasting until 10 weeks, prominent when infant is crying

Answer 8

umbilical hernia

Question 9

Best anatomical location to observe when obtaining respirations in an infant?

Answer 9

Abdomen

Question 10

Best anatomical location to observe when assessing respirations in an 8 year old?

Answer 10

Shoulders or chest, NOT abdomen

Question 11

Prenatal exposure to smoke can cause this

Answer 11

LBW, asthma, otitis media, RTIs, increases risk of SIDS

Question 12

Why is it important to ask about food allergies?

Answer 12

Food allergy can cause broncorestriction, effecting the respiratory system

Question 13

Why is it important to ask about child-proofing the home?

Answer 13

To determine exposure to inhalants, swallowing toxic substance

Question 14

Order of assessment in an infant or child

Answer 14

Go from least invasive to most invasive (which may irritate the child the most)

Question 15

Descriptors that can be used to get a child to take a deep breath when listening to lungs

Answer 15

“Pant like a puppy,” “blow out the candle”

Question 16

Average chest cirsumference from 0-2 yrs.

Answer 16

30-36 cm (2 cm less than head)

Question 17

Apgar Score

Answer 17

Birth score take 1-5 mintues after birth; based on HR, resp effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability (NG to clear fluid), color - higher the score the better

Question 18

Apgar score of 7-10

Answer 18

Baby in good condition, needs little suction

Question 19

Apgar score of 3-6

Answer 19

Moderately depressed, need more resusitation and observation

Question 20

Apgar score of 0-2

Answer 20

Baby severely depressed, full resusitation, ventilation

Question 21

How to infants breathe (up until 3 months)?

Answer 21

Obligate nose breathers

Question 22

How do you palpate the infants respiratory system?

Answer 22

Encircling the infant’s thorax

Question 23

Typical lung sound in infants

Answer 23

Hyperresonance and fine crackles are NOT abnormal (within the first day of birth)

Question 24

Where growth plates are located, to be of great concern if child has a break or fracture in this area.

Answer 24

Epiphyses

Question 25

Feet in apart position

Answer 25

Varus

Question 26

Feet in together position

Answer 26

Valgus

Question 27

Most reliable exam to test for hip dislocation

Answer 27

Ortolani's maneuever

Question 28

In what order would one need to place pressure on the hips to test for hip dislocation in infants

Answer 28

Up, out, in and down with smooth movement (clunk as head of femure pops back into place = positive Ortolani's)

Question 29

Secondary test used to check for hip dislocation

Answer 29

Allis test to compare leg length

Question 30

Having extra fingers and/or toes

Answer 30

polydactyly

Question 31

Webbing between fingers and/or toes

Answer 31

syndactyly

Question 32

Single crease in palm

Answer 32

Simian crease

Question 33

Startle reflex in infants - arms should reach out simultaneously

Answer 33

Moro's reflex

Question 34

Signs of spina bifida

Answer 34

Tuft of hair, dimple in midline, cyst or mass

Question 35

How would one test for muscle strength in infants?

Answer 35

Hold out with arms, see if baby slips through hands (if so, it could indicate muscle weakness and need investigation)

Question 36

Genu varum

Answer 36

Bowlegged

Question 37

Genu valgum

Answer 37

Knock knees

Question 38

Pes pranus

Answer 38

Flatfooted

Question 39

Screening for progressive subluxation of the hip in preschool and school aged children

Answer 39

Trendelenburg's sign

Question 40

Rating use to determine sexual maturity in adolescents

Answer 40

Tanner's ratings

Question 41

How would you ask an adolescent if they have questions after an assessment?

Answer 41

"What questions do you have" NOT "Do you have any questions?"

Question 42

urethral meatus opens to the ventral side of glans

Answer 42

Hypospadias

Question 43

Urethral meatus opens to the dorsal side of glans

Answer 43

Epispadias

Question 44

Fluid in scrotum, translumminates as a faint pink glow, disappears spontaneously

Answer 44

Hydrocele