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Kin Chapters 12-15 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 12

A

Special considerations related to exercise and injury prevention

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2
Q

homeotherms

A

regulated body temp

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3
Q

heat illness

A

cramps, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, lack of swear,

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4
Q

convection

A

movement of air or water around the body

ex. fans

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5
Q

evaporation

A

heat release as sweat converts to gas

*if air temperature and humidity are high, evaporation is limited

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6
Q

acclimatization

A

physiological adaptations to environment that decrease the likelihood of heat injury

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7
Q

heat injury

A

occurs when the heat loads exceeds body’s ability to regulate body temperature

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8
Q

heat cramps

A

characterized by muscle spasms or twitching of the limbs

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9
Q

heat exhaustion

A

general weakness, fatigue, a possible drop in BP, blurred vision, loss of consciousness

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10
Q

heat stroke

A

stops sweating, involuntary limb movements, seizures, rapid heartbeat

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11
Q

exercising in hot/humid conditions

A
  • keep sessions 15-20 mins max

* monitor heart rate

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12
Q

hypothermia

A

significant decline in body temp due to exposure in the cold

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13
Q

base layer

A

removes moisture from skin, moves it to next layer, avoid cotton

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14
Q

middle layer

A

heavier than base layer, wicks moisture outward

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15
Q

outer layer

A

protects you from wind/water, hats, scarves

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16
Q

Acute mountain sickness (AMS)

A
  • occurs at altitudes above 8000 ft
  • affects approx. 20% of individuals exercising at this altitude
  • symptoms: headaches, nausea, dizziness
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17
Q

Avoiding AMS

A
  • ascend slowly
  • sleep at lowest elevation possible
  • eat a high-carb diet
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18
Q

ozone

A
  • gas produced from sunlight and car exhaust

* chest tightness, coughing, headaches

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19
Q

carbon monoxide

A
  • gas from fossil fuels and cigarette smoke

* reduces bloods capacity to carry oxygen to body and muscles

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20
Q

main causes of exercise injury

A
  • improper training techniques (overtraining) (inappropriate recovery period)
  • inadequate shoes
  • alignment abnormalities in legs and feet
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21
Q

back pain

A
  • cause: muscle weakness in abdomen and lower back

* prevention: increase flexibility and strength

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22
Q

acute muscle soreness

A
  • cause: excessive duration or intensity

* prevention: begin/end exercise sessions gradually

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23
Q

delayed onset muscle soreness

A
  • cause: excessive duration/intensity

* prevention: refrain from strenuous or prolonged exercise

24
Q

muscle strains

A
  • cause: overstretched muscle forced to shorten against a heavy load
  • prevention: limit stress on muscles, always warm up
25
tendonitis
* cause: swelling in the tendon | * prevention: proper exercise technique avoiding joint overuse
26
ligament sprains
* cause: excessive force applied to a joint | * prevention: use a brace
27
torn cartilage
* cause: high force or unusual movements | * prevention: limit high stress activties on joint/avoid movements outside normal range of motion
28
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS)
* cause: patella "off track" | * prevention: proper technique
29
shin splints
* cause: inflammation of the connective tissue, overuse | * prevention: advance exercise slowly, run of soft surfaces
30
stress fracture
* cause: excessive force applied to the leg or foot, overuse | * prevention: avoid overtraining, increase load gradually
31
RICE method
R-Rest I-Ice (reduces swelling and pain) C-Compressions (reduce swelling) E-Elevation (reduces BP and swelling)
32
Cytokinesis
a rehabilitation technique that incorporates alternating periods of treatment, using ice, exercise and rest
33
Chapter 13
Cancer
34
Cancer
group of diseases characterized by the growth and spread of abnormal cells
35
Carcinogens
cancer-causing agents | ex: radiation, chemicals, drugs, toxins
36
****CAUTION
``` C- Change in bowel habits A- Area that does not heal U- Unusual bleeding T- Thickening or lump I- Indigestion O- Obvious change in size in a mole N- Nagging or persistent cough ```
37
lung cancer
leading cause of all cancer deaths
38
colon and rectal cancer
3rd leading cause of cancer deaths | *after age 50
39
Breast cancer
second most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in women
40
prostate cancer
second leading cause of cancer deaths in men
41
testicular cancer
one of the most common cancers in young men
42
Skin cancer
* most common cancer overall | * 3 types: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma
43
uterine, ovarian, and cervical cancer
most common type of uterine cancer is endometrial cancer
44
ovarian risk factors
* age, obesity, genetics, infertility, breast cancer | * linked to HPV
45
pancreatic cancer
4th leading cause of cancer deaths
46
***examine moles using the ABCD rule
A: Asymmetry B: Border C: Color D: Diamter
47
woman are ___ more likely to get lung cancer
3X
48
viruses
can invade cells/damaged DNA = blood, liver, lymphatic
49
occupational carcinogens
sources: industrial chemicals, abestos, auto paints, pesticides
50
chapter 14
sexually transmitted infections
51
HIV/AIDS
* HIV virus leads to AIDS * First stage: Silent stage- no physical symptoms * Second stage: the symptomatic infection- symptoms emerge including fatigue, fever, weight loss * Third stage: AIDS- symptoms from second stage, pneumonia, cancer
52
Hepatitis B (HBV)
* viral infection that causes liver disease * no cure * symptoms: jaundice, reduced appetite, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, chronic fatigue * diagnosed by a blood test
53
Herpes
* type 1: lips or mouth * type 2: genitals * no cure
54
chlamydia
* common bacterial STI * 20% of college students are infected * 7-21 days after infection * diagnosed by a urine test or swab * can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease
55
gonnorrhea
* 2nd most common bacterial infection * "the clap" * only 20% of women develop symptoms * curable with antibiotics
56
syphilis
* bacterial infection * 4 stages: 1. primary syphilis: chancre 2. secondary syphilis: skin rash, hair loss, sores 3. latent syphilis: w out symptoms, spreading 4. tertiary syphilis: heart damage, blindness, deafness, paralysis, mental people * diagnosed with a blood test * cured by antibiotics
57
prevention
* abstinence * limit number of partners * condoms * discussing stis

Kin Chapters 12-15 (1 decks)

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