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Chem 108 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

The monomer of both starch and cellulose is

A

glucose

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2
Q

The primary function of polysaccharides in animals is to

A

store energy in chemical bonds

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3
Q

When glycogen is broken down into sugar what type of reaction occurs?

A

hydrolysis

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4
Q

Waxes and fats are classified as

A

lipids

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5
Q

In order for the acid-base reaction called saponification to occur what must react?

A

lipids and NaOH

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6
Q

What two functional groups are necessary for a compound to be classified as an amino acid

A

COOH and NH2

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7
Q

Name three lipids that contain the steroid core in their structure

A

cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

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8
Q

Name a monosaccharide, disaccharide & a polysaccharide

A
  1. glucose
  2. sucrose
  3. starch
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9
Q

What are the two lipoproteins?

A

HDL & LDL

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10
Q

Why do living organisms need lipoproteins?

A

lipids are nonpolar so attaching them to water-soluble proteins helps transport them through the blood

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11
Q

Lactose and Sucrose are both examples of

A

disaccharides

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12
Q

Carbohydrates made up of long chains of glucose units are called

A

polysaccharides

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13
Q

The polysaccharide that plants use for storing energy is

A

starch

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14
Q

Many animals store carbohydrates in the form of

A

glycogen

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15
Q

Which class of biomolecules includes fats, oils, waxes, steroids, and cholesterol?

A

lipids

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16
Q

What are the four factors that affect enzyme activity?

A

1) Temperature
2) pH
3) concentration of enzyme or substrate
4) inhibitors

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17
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

1) Amylose

2) Amylopectin

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18
Q

What is a normal blood glucose level?

A

70-120 mg/dl

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19
Q

What protein structure does this describe?

Peptide bonds join amino acids in a polypeptide chain

A

1st degree or Primary

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20
Q

What protein structure does this describe?

An active protein contains four tertiary subunits

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A

4th degree or Quaternary

21
Q

What protein structure does this describe?

Hydrogen bonding between amino acids along the polypeptide allows for a helical shape

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A

2nd degree or Secondary

22
Q

What protein structure does this describe?

Hydrophobic chains seeking a nonpolar environment move toward the inside of the folded protein

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A

3rd degree or Tertiary

23
Q

How does heating a protein about 50 degrees C denature a protein?

Study These Flashcards
A

Heat energy excites molecules and disrupts/breaks 2nd and 3rd-degree structure

24
Q

What type of interaction holds complementary base pairs of DNA together?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydrogen bonding

25
A change in the DNA base sequence that alters the formation of a protein in a cell
Mutation
26
The interpretation of the codons in mRNA as amino acids in a peptide
translation
27
Contains RNA as its genetic material and synthesizes a complementary DNA strand inside the cell
Retrovirus
28
The transfer of genetic information from DNA by the formation of mRNA
Transcription
29
Process of duplicating DNA by pairing the bases on each parent strand with their complementary base
Replication
30
Achiral compounds are those which...
have no "handedness"
31
Amylose is a....
Polysaccharide
32
Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by _____-glycosidic bonds.
B-1,4
33
Amylose is a form of starch which has
only a-1,4-links bonds glucose units
34
Cellulose is a polysaccharide which has
only B-1,4-bonds between glucose units
35
What happens to water solubility as the hydrocarbon chain length increases in carboxylic acids?
it decreases
36
What kinds of attractive forces do alcohols form between individuals?
hydrogen bonds
37
The structural formulas of amino acids are the same except for the____
R-group
38
The peptide bonds that link amino acids in a protein are
Amide Bonds
39
A chain made of more than 50 amino acids that has biological activity is referred to as a
protein
40
What are secondary protein structures?
a-helix B-sheet triple helix
41
a monosaccharide found in fruit juices and honey, the sweetest carbohydrate
fructose
42
a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose
galactose
43
a carbohydrate that cannot be digested by humans
cellulose
44
a carbohydrate that stores energy in the human body
glycogen
45
a carbohydrate that is used to build cell walls in plants
cellulose
46
an unbranched carbohydrate that stores glucose in plants
amylose
47
Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids because
the cis double bonds give them an irregular shape
48
Glycerophospholipids can interact both with other lipids and water because they contain
polar regions and nonpolar regions

Chem 108 (2 decks)

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