exam 4 Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
identify the term defined as higher than normal sodium levels in the blood
A
hypernatremia
2
Q
identify the term defined as lower than normal potassium levels in the blood
A
hypokalemia
3
Q
identify the term for higher than normal hydrogen ions in the blood
A
acidosis
4
Q
identify one specific hormone that regulates calcium levels in blood
A
calcitonin
5
Q
identify the specific fetal hormone that sends the message of pregnancy to the female body
A
HCG
6
Q
identify the specific anterior pituitary hormone that is most elevated at ovulation
A
LH
7
Q
identify the specific location in which human fertilization most commonly occurs
A
oviduct
8
Q
identify the specific male structure in which sperm are stored and begin their maturation
A
epididymis
9
Q
identify the female structure that dilates during menses and labor and delivery of a child
A
cervix
10
Q
identify the specific structure that connects the vagina to the body of the uterus
A
cervix
11
Q
identify the specific pituitary hormone responsible for milk letdown in breast tissue
A
oxytocin
12
Q
identify the specific female stage following 12 consecutive months with no menses
A
menopause
13
Q
identify the location in which sperm complete their maturation process for fertilization
A
female tract
14
Q
identify the specific structure that passes through the male inguinal canal, keeping it open
A
spermatic cord
15
Q
identify the medical term for the external area between the pubis and coccyx in both sexes
A
perineum
16
Q
identify the only human cell that has a flagellum
A
sperm
17
Q
identify the specific location of the dortos muscle in humans
A
scrotum
18
Q
identify the synonym for oviduct
A
fallopian tube
19
Q
identify the structure that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
A
ureters
20
Q
identify the functional unit of the kidney
A
nephron
21
Q
identify the specific process by which water is lost from the body when breathing
A
evaporation
22
Q
identify the term for a developing human after the first 8 weeks of gestation
A
fetus
23
Q
identify the term for a developing human during the first 8 weeks of gestation
A
embryo
24
Q
identify the medical term for a newborn mammal, including humans
A
neonate
25
True or False- the internal anal/urinary sphincters are skeletal muscle, voluntary; and require potty training
false, external
26
True or False- micturition requires input only the parasympathetic nervous system
false, both para and sympathetic
27
True or False- the degree of thirst in a person is a highly reliable indicator of their level of hydration
false
28
True or False- meiosis produces gametes, mitosis (eventually) produces a complete human from a single zygote
true
29
True or False- because the sperm are farther away from the urethra than are the accessory sex glands, the first few milliliters of ejaculation never contain any viable sperm
false- they do
30
True or False- sexual intercourse up to about 3 days before ovulation may result in fertilization/pregnancy
true
31
True or False- the corpus luteum transitions ti the corpus albicans when menses begins and after childbirth
true
32
match with the appropriate sex-gamete production begins at puberty
male
33
match with the appropriate sex- gamete stem cells begin meiosis prior to birth
female
34
match with the appropriate sex- urethra has both urinary and reproductive functions
male
35
match with the appropriate sex- each gamete stem cell produces four viable gametes
male
36
match with the appropriate sex- gonad begins its development just below (caudal to) kidney
both
37
match with the appropriate sex- erectile tissue is present
both
38
match with the appropriate sex- once it begins, gamete production continue for life if adult remains healthy
male
39
match with the appropriate sex- gamete is produced inside a tube and move through various connected tubes until it leaves the body
male
40
match with the appropriate sex- each gamete produces only one viable gamete
female
41
match with the appropriate sex- each stem cell undergoes mitosis; only one of those resulting daughter cells undergoes meiosis
male
42
match with the appropriate sex- gametes complete meiosis before exiting the gonad
male
43
match with the appropriate sex- individual gametes age at the same rate as the gonad (or adult body) in which they are produced
female
44
match with the appropriate sex- gamete is produced outside of the abdominal cavity
male
45
match with the appropriate sex- requires only parasympathetic innervation for orgasm
female
46
match with the appropriate sex- gamete remains viable for up to 3-5 or perhaps even 7 days in the female reproductive tract
male
47
match with the appropriate sex- gametes only complete meiosis if fertilization occurs
female
48
match with the appropriate sex- gamete (or zygote) may potentially enter the abdominal cavity
female
49
match with the appropriate sex- gamete remains viable for about 24-36 hours in the female reproductive tract
female
50
match with the appropriate sex- one-half of the nuclear DNA in the zygote comes from this gamete
both
51
match with the appropriate sex- mitochondria, ribosomes, and other cellular organelles in the zygote are from this gamete
female
52
match with the appropriate sex- requires estrogen and testosterone for normal reproductive activity
both
53
match with the appropriate sex- breast tissue has the anatomical requirements for milk production
both
54
identify one specific important renal function that is NOT related to blood, urine, waste molecules, or electrolytes
vitamin D production
55
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- produced by the adrenal cortex
aldosterone
56
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production-hormone produced by the kidney
renin-angiotensin system
57
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- produced by the hypothalamus
vasopressin
58
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- produced by cells of the right atrium
ANH
59
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- released from the posterior pituitary gland
vasopressin
60
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- stimulated by increased venous return to the heart
ANH
61
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- stimulated by increased blood osmolarity or decreased blood pressure
vasopressin
62
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- stimulated by increased blood pressure
ANH
63
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- target receptors are located in the distal tubule and proximal collecting duct
vasopressin
64
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- activates an existing plasma protein
renin-angiotensin system
65
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- has no effect on [Na+] in urine or blood
vasopressin
66
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- indirectly causes vasoconstriction to quickly increase blood pressure
renin-angiotensin system
67
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- decreases blood pressure
ANH
68
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- directly causes reabsorption of only water
vasopressin
69
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- causes secretion of Na+
ANH
70
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- decreases blood volume
ANH
71
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- decreases blood osmolarity with no effect on [Na+]
vasopressin
72
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- decreases urine osmolarity
ANH
73
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- increases [Na+] in urine
ANH
74
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- makes urine more dilutes (less concentrated)
ANH
75
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- decreases [Na+] in blood
ANH????
76
match with the appropriate hormone involved in urine production- increases urine volume
ANH
77
epithelial cells multiply, glands and spiral arteries are formed (phase, location)
proliferation, uterus
78
primary follicle ruptures, releasing a secondary oocyte (phase, location)
ovulation, uterus & ovary
79
ruptured follicle becomes a corpus luteum and secretes progesterone (phase, location)
luteal, ovary
80
estrogen/FSH stimulate development of a primary follicle (phase, location)
follicular, ovary
81
sloughing of extra endometrial tissue (phase, location)
menses, uterus
82
removes molecules from urinary filtrate, returns them to blood
filtration
83
moves molecules into urinary filtrate distal to the glomerulus
secretion
84
occurs only due to blood hydrostatic pressure (BP)
filtration
85
occurs only in the glomerulus
filtration
86
requires fenestrated capillaries
filtration
87
may require carrier molecules and/or ATP
reabsorption
88
first step in urine formation
filtration
89
for water, this process usually occurs via osmosis
reabsorption
90
may require hormonal stimulation for some molecules
reabsorption and secretion
91
most water movement in the nephron is via this process (for in this direction)
reabsorption
92
(equation) identify which side of the equation is regulated by the kidneys
right
93
(equation) identify the specific molecule directly regulated by the lungs
co2
94
(equation) identify the specific physiological parameter regulated or stabilized by this reaction
pH
95
(equation) if co2 blood levels increase, identify specifically what happens to H+ in the nephron
secreted
96
(equation) identify the name of the specific molecule on the far right end of the equation (HCO-3)
bicarbonate
97
(equation) identify the specific function of the far right molecule (HCO-3) in this equation
buffer
98
(equation) identify what usually happens to the far right molecule (HCO-3) in the nephron
reabsorbed
99
identify the term defined as elevated blood sugar (higher than normal glucose levels
hyperglycemia
100
identify the specific process by which glucose is reabsorbed by the kidneys
facilitated diffusion
101
identify the "condition" of glucose carriers if glucose reabsorption is at its maximum
saturated
102
identify the medical term defined as the presence of glucose in urine
glycosuria
103
True or false- hyperventilation decreases co2 in blood and the reaction is driven to the left
true
104
True or false- acidosis drives the reaction to the right and may increase breathing rate and/or depth
false, left
105
identify the specific nephron structure that demonstrate counter current flow
loop of henle
106
identify the specific nephron structure from which water is passively pulled
proximal convoluted tubule?
107
identify the specific high BOP capillaries that continue to passively pull water
vasa recta
108
identify one specific interstitial molecule that assists in this multiplier system
sodium
109
identify the other specific interstitial molecule that assists in this multiplier system
urea
110
true or false- these two molecules enter the medullary interstitial tissue from the urinary filtrate
true
111
true or false- the countercurrent multiplier system only dilutes blood if the person is clinically dehydrated
false
112
true or false- the countercurrent multiplier system is continuous only if the proper hormones are elevated
false
113
list the three glands that produce semen and draw an arrow to the one that surrounds the urethra
bulbourethral
seminal vesicle
prostate>
