Exam 4

Question 1

The ice age that started 2 million years ago is the

Answer 1

Pleistocene

Question 2

All are factors in the Milankovitch theory except

Answer 2

The speed of Earths rotation

Question 3

The last glacial maximum occurred

Answer 3

20,000 years ago

Question 4

Many deserts lie at 30o S and N latitude because

Answer 4

Sinking air warms up and the ground is dry because of high evaporation.

Question 5

Rain shadow deserts

Answer 5

Form on the leeward side

Question 6

Desert stream bed that is dry most of the year

Answer 6

Wash

Question 7

Salt deposits are found on desert lakes because

Answer 7

Dissolved ions precipitate during evaporation

Question 8

Desert pavement forms because

Answer 8

Wind selectively removes sand and silt and leaves large particles behind.

Question 9

During the last glaciation

Answer 9

Sea level dropped by 130m

Question 10

Dune can be found at

Answer 10

Beaches, deserts, and glacial environments.

Question 11

Loess is

Answer 11

silt that has been transported and deposited by wind.

Question 12

Human mismanagement can cause the conversion of semiarid land to arid land in the process called

Answer 12

desertification

Question 13

Oceanic crust is - than continental crust and therefore - isostatically.

Answer 13

denser, sinks

Question 14

The abyssal plains of the ocean basins are about - deep

Answer 14

5 km

Question 15

a magnetometer could be used to

Answer 15

determine the orientation of the Earth’s magnetic field at the time the rock cooled.

Question 16

Moving away from the mid ocean ridges, oceanic crust

Answer 16

becomes older, sinks, and forms the abyssal plains.

Question 17

During times of very fast sea floor spreading,

Answer 17

high volume spreading ridges cause sea level rise.

Question 18

Hydrothermal vents at mid ocean ridge systems, where metal and sulfide rich water escapes

Answer 18

black smokers

Question 19

If a series of island arcs collide with a continent over a long period of time they add to a continent as

Answer 19

Accreted terranes

Question 20

An oceanic island

Answer 20

is a volcano that rises above sea level

Question 21

Ocean floor sediment thickness

Answer 21

is minimal at the mid ocean ridge system

Question 22

Most of the sediment deposited in the deep ocean environment consists of

Answer 22

Oozes and pelagic clay

Question 23

The area labeled X is the

Answer 23

continental slope

Question 24

An active continental margin commonly has a much narrower continental shelf and a considerably steeper continental slope than does a passive margin because

Answer 24

the subducting plate pulls down the continental plate, forming a steep-sided trench.

Question 25

the world's largest and deepest ocean is the - Ocean

Answer 25

Pacific

Question 26

Surface salinity at the equator is

Answer 26

lower than average

Question 27

The halocline

Answer 27

the zone of the ocean where salinity drops rapidly with depth

Question 28

warm water is - than cold water, and salty water is - than less salty water

Answer 28

less dense, denser

Question 29

A neap tide is

Answer 29

smaller tide formed from when the sun and moon are 90 out of alignment

Question 30

The size of wind generated waves depends on

Answer 30

wind speed, length of time the wind has been blowing, fetch.

Question 31

The wave height is

Answer 31

the vertical distance between the crest and the trough of a wave.

Question 32

Ocean currents

Answer 32

Are continuous flows of water in a particular direction.

Question 33

Due to the Coriolis effect,

Answer 33

currents tin the Southern Hemisphere are deflected to the Left.

Question 34

If waves strike shore at an angle, they - and create a - current that flows parallel to the beach.

Answer 34

refract, longshore

Question 35

The first organisms producing oxygen through photosynthesis were

Answer 35

cyanobacteria

Question 36

Banded iron formations formed by

Answer 36

precipitation of iron oxides out of ocean water due to an increase in oxygen levels in the water

Question 37

The earth's modern atmosphere

Answer 37

contains 78% nitrogen

Question 38

Standard pressure at sea level is

Answer 38

1013 mbar

Question 39

Which of the following orders of the layers of the atmosphere is correct?

Answer 39

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

Question 40

Smog is produced

Answer 40

when sunlight reacts with automobile exhaust