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Pharmacology > EXAM 4: Anti-cancer > Flashcards

EXAM 4: Anti-cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Caner will cause: ___________ growth and lack of ____________

A

unregulated, differentiation

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2
Q

What is unregulated growth characterized by?

A

abnormal characteristics of cells (#, shape, size)

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3
Q

What is lack of differentiation characterized by?

A

maturity: structure & function, rate of growth, and spread (metastasis)

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4
Q

What are the three goals of chemotherapy?

A

1) cure 2) contol 3) symptom relief

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5
Q

What are the two types of chemotherapy?

A

1) cytotoxic (kill fast growing cells - cancerous AND health) and 2) noncytotoxic agents (non-toxic cells, suppress hormone-assoc. cancers)

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6
Q

For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, cell cycle-specific (CCS): 1) do not work in what phase? 2) is the state of what? 3) and has least amount of what?

A

1) G0 2) normal cells and core of tumor 3) side effects

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7
Q

For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, cell noncycle-nonspecific (CCNS): 1) work in what phase? 2) affects what? 3) and has more amount of what than CCS?

A

1) ALL phases, including G0 2) all types of cells and core of tumor 3) more side effects

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8
Q

For cytotoxic chemotherapy and the interference w/ cell replication, combination therapy: 1) does what to drug resistance 2) does what to effectiveness? 3) and has severe what compared to CCS CCNS?

A

1) decrease 2) increase 3) side effects

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9
Q

General Chemotherapy Nursing: what antiemetic is used to negate infusion reactions?

A

ondansetron or promethazine

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10
Q

General Chemotherapy Nursing: what antihistamine is used to negate infusion reactions?

A

diphenhydramine

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11
Q

General Chemotherapy Nursing: what glucocorticoid is used to negate infusion reactions?

A

dexamethasone

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12
Q

General Chemotherapy Nursing: what histamine-2 receptor blocker is used to negate infusion reactions?

A

famotidine

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13
Q

General Chemotherapy Nursing: what analgesic/antipyretic is used to negate infusion reactions?

A

acetaminophen or NSAID

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14
Q

If a chemo allergic reaction is suspected, what do you do?

A

STOP the infusion and contact provider

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15
Q

What drugs should you be prepared to use if a chemo allergic reaction is suspected?

A

diphenhydramine, glucocorticoid, epinephrine

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16
Q

What other two actions should be prepared to be used if a chemo allergic reaction occurs?

A

fluid resuscitation with IV NS and intubation/ventilation

17
Q

What might you find in a patient taking cytotoxic agents?

A

coughng up blood, peeing blood

18
Q

Are side effects of cytotoxic agents temporary? and why?

A

YES, becuase normal healthy cells the cytoxic agents kill can repair themselves

19
Q

What is one key side effect of cytotoxic agents? and what does it cause?

A

mucositis (stomatitis) - inflammation of the mucus membrane of GI/GU/resp. tract

20
Q

S/s of mucositis?

A

pain, malnutrition, hematuria, upper/lower GI bleed, hemoptysis

21
Q

Treatment for oral/GI tract mucositis?

A

magic mouthwash

22
Q

What does magic mouthwast combination of drugs contrain?

A

diphenhydramine, lidocaine, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, nystatin, hydrocortisone

23
Q

Cytotoxic agent cause the side effect myelosuppression (nadir) - what s/s should you be aware of?

A

low Hgb, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia

24
Q

What is a med you hold during chemo? and why?

A

ASA, due to GI bleed

25
Q

Alopecia is temporary during chemo treatment and starts after 1st dose of cytotoxic agent - how long wil it last?

A

up to 2 months after last dose of cytotoxic chemo

26
Q

Reproductive system damage occurs during cytotoxic agent chemo therapy - what should patient be educated on?

A

1) cause infertility, amenorrhea, impotence 2) sperm banking 3) avoid conception 6 mo to 2 yr after chemo

27
Q

What are the two Noncytotoxic Chemo Agents? when are they effective?

A

Hormone agonists and hormone antagonists - effective when cancer is hormone-dependent tumors

28
Q

Hormone agonists ___________ effects of a specific hormone?

A

increase (andro horm for estro-depend. cancer / estro hormo for testo-depend. cancer)

29
Q

Hormone antagonist __________ effects of a specific hormone?

A

decrease (anti-esto hormo for estro-depend. cancer / anti-testo hormo for testo-depend cancer)

30
Q

What are the two main indications for Hormonal Agent chemo?

A

prostate CA (BPH) and breast CA

31
Q

Side effects of hormone agent chemo?

A

hot flashes, low libido, gynecomastia, osteoporosis, dysrhythmia & pulmonary edema, & disease flare

32
Q

Contraindication for hormone agent chemo?

A

pregnancy - Cat X!

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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