Exam 4 blocks 10-11

Question 1

Define Solution

Answer 1

a homogeneous combination of two or more substances

Question 2

All _____mixtures are also solutions?

Answer 2

homogeneous

Question 3

can gasses for solutions?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What are solid solutions called?

Answer 4

alloys

Question 5

What are the two parts of a solution?

Answer 5

the solvent and the solute

Question 6

What is a solvent?

Answer 6

aka matrix

component of the solution with the greatest amount

Question 7

What is the solute?

Answer 7

the component of a solution that is present in a small amount realitive to the amount of solvent

Question 8

What is a simple solution?

Answer 8

a solution with only one solvent

Question 9

Why do chemists generally only focus on the solutes of a solution?

Answer 9

because generally the solutes are what take part in reactions. generally solvents are unreactive

Question 10

What are the two general types of laboratory solutions?

Answer 10

aqueous(water as solvent)

non-aqueous(non water liquid solvent)

Question 11

most solutions are_____(aqueous/non-aqueous)

Answer 11

Aqueous

Question 12

What is the solubility of a solute?

Answer 12

the maximum amount of that solute that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a particular temperature and, in the case of a gaseous solute, a particular pressure.

Question 13

How is the solubility of a solute expressed?

Answer 13

grams of solute per 100g of solution

Question 14

What four factors determine solubility?

Answer 14

Temperature
External pressure(if gasses are involved)
Nature of the solvent (intermolecular forces present)
Presence of other solutes

Question 15

What does it mean when a solute is solvated?

Answer 15

Dissolved.

The solvent is able to get in between and then be surround the solute particles

Question 16

The solubility of most solids _____ when temp increases

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

The solubility of most gasses _____ when temp increases

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

What does it mean for a liquid to be miscible?

Answer 18

Able to mix completely and form a true mixture

Question 19

What law describes the relationship between gas solubility and pressure? and what does it state?

Answer 19

Henry’s law

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the liquid.

Question 20

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 20

a solution that contains the maximum amount of the solute that can be dissolved under the given conditions of the solvent volume, temp, and pressure

Question 21

What is a super saturated solution?

Answer 21

Metastable solutions that contain more dissolved solutes than the solvent should be able to contain

Question 22

What two types of attractions bust be disrupted in order for a solute to become solvated?

Answer 22

Solute-solute attractions (ionic/covalent bonds)

Solvent-Solvent attractions (intermolecular forces)

Question 23

What attraction forms from solvation?

Answer 23

A solvent-solute attraction

Question 24

What three factors affect the rate of solution formation?

Answer 24

The state of the subdivision

degree of agitation

temp of mixture

Question 25

What is a solvation sphere?

Answer 25

When a solvent detaches a particle from the solute it surrounds it completely resulting in a sphere of solvent around the particle of solute that was detached.

Question 26

What periodic group forms water soluble ions?

Answer 26

IA Alkali Metals

Question 27

Is ammonium water soluble?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

are nitrates water soluble?

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

Chlorides, Bromides, and iodides are water soluble except when bonded with? what cations

Answer 29

Ag, Pb, Hg

Question 30

Are carbonates water soluble?

Answer 30

no unless bonded with group IA metals or NH4+

Question 31

are phosphates water soluble?

Answer 31

no unless bonded with group IA metals or NH4+

Question 32

Are sulfates soluble

Answer 32

Yes unless bonded with Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb cations

Question 33

Are hydroxides soluble?

Answer 33

No unless bonded with Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb cations or group IA elements

Question 34

what does it mean for a solution to be concentrated?

Answer 34

a high ratio of solute to solvent

Question 35

What does it mean for a solution to be dilute

Answer 35

a low ratio of solute to solvent

Question 36

What is the concentration of a solution?

Answer 36

a quantitative description of the solution

Question 37

what is the diff between mass of solution and mass of solute

Answer 37

mas of solution is the mass of the solvent and the solute together

Question 38

What is molarity?

Answer 38

the number of moles of a substance per liter

Question 39

When diluting solutions, the more concentrated solution is called the?

Answer 39

stock solution

Question 40

What is the dilution equation formula?

Answer 40

C(s) X V(s) = C(d) X V(d)

Question 41

What are colligative properties?

Answer 41

the physical properties of solutions that depend only on the number*concentration* of solute particles