Exam 4 C/T Spine

Question 1

what are the only vertebrae with bifid tips?

Answer 1

C3-C6

Question 2

which vertebrae has the vertebral prominence?

Answer 2

C7

Question 3

what view do you use to see the intervertebral foramen on c-spine?

Answer 3

oblique

Question 4

what view do you use to see the zygapophyseal joints on c-spine?

Answer 4

lateral

Question 5

where does the spinal cord begin and end?

Answer 5

begins at C2 and ends at L1 or L2

Question 6

how many cervical nerves are there?

Answer 6

8 pair

Question 7

how many thoracic nerves are there?

Answer 7

12 pair

Question 8

how many lumbar nerves are there?

Answer 8

5 pair

Question 9

how many sacral nerves are there?

Answer 9

5 pair

Question 10

how many coccygeal nerves are there?

Answer 10

1 pair

Question 11

how many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 11

31 pairs

Question 12

what are the 2 AP views for c-spine?

Answer 12

AP Axial (15-20 deg cephalic)
Odontoid

Question 13

what view is it when the mandibular shadow is blurred by even chewing motion during exposure? (wagging jaw method)
pt’s head must be rigidly immobilized
exposure time must be long
CR perpendicular to C4

Answer 13

AP Projection Ottonello Method

Question 14

what is the SID for AP c-spine?

Answer 14

40 in

Question 15

what is the SID for lateral c-spine and why?

Answer 15

72 in to account for OID

Question 16

how much rotation for AP Axial OBL on c-spine?

Answer 16

45 degrees

Question 17

which intervertebral foramina are you looking at on a AP Axial OBL of the c-spine?

Answer 17

the ones farthest from the cassette

Question 18

CR orientation for AP Axial OBL of c-spine?

Answer 18

15 deg cephalic enters at C4

Question 19

what is the alternative method to odontoid to see the dens?

Answer 19

Fuchs

Question 20

what view do you use to see the lateral masses of the c-spine?
with pt supine, hyperextend the neck

Answer 20

AP Axial Vertebral Arch (Pillars or Lateral Masses)

Question 21

CR orientation for AP Axial Vertebral Arch (Pillars or Lateral Masses)?

Answer 21

20-30 degrees caudal entering at C7
CR should coincide with plane of articular facets

Question 22

how to take Ap Axial OBL “trauma obliques”?

Answer 22

pt supine cannot move
CR 45 deg medial and 20 deg cephalic entering at C4
cassette centered under adjacent mastoid process

Question 23

what is is the name of fractures in the neural arch and facets?
involves the pars interarticularis of C2
severe hyperextension fracture

Answer 23

hangman’s fracture

Question 24

inflammation of the spinal cord (disrupts the CNS functions linking brain and limbs)
symptoms: moderate fever with pain along the spine that also radiates into the extremities

Answer 24

myelitis

Question 25

injury to the c-spine or supporting ligaments muscles marked by pain and stiffness in this type of hyperextension injury, C2 may have fractures of the neural arch and facets, and the anterior longitudinal ligament may rupture resulting in avulsion fracture of the anteroinferior margin most of these injuries are the result of a collision that includes sudden acceleration or decelerations

Answer 25

whiplash

Question 26

which vertebrae have longer transverse processes and why?

Answer 26

thoracic vertebrae, for rib attachment

Question 27

how many costal facets do thoracic vertebrae have?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

what vertebrae has full facet on top?

Answer 28

only T1

Question 29

CR orientation for AP t-spine?

Answer 29

CR perpendicular entering at T7 (3-4in below jugular notch

Question 30

how to avoid burning out the top of the t-spine?

Answer 30

turn cathode towards bottom of the t-spine

Question 31

CR orientation for standing and laying down lateral t-spine?

Answer 31

standing: perpendicular entering at T7 laying down: 10-15 deg cephalic entering at T7

Question 32

pt position for OBL t-spine

Answer 32

body rotated 70 deg for AP, body rotated 20 deg for PA

Question 33

which zygapophyseal joints are you looking at in AP OBL of t-spine?

Answer 33

farthest

Question 34

which zygapophyseal joints are you looking at in PA OBL of t-spine?

Answer 34

closest

Question 35

examination of individual intervertebral disks performed with small quantities of H2O soluble contrast injected into the center of the disk by way of double-needle entry demonstrates internal disk lesions (rupture of nucleus pulposus) no demonstrated on myelogram

Answer 35

diskography

Question 36

a bone break that disrupts osseous tissue and collapses the affected bone

Answer 36

compression fracture

Question 37

what is the most common cause of compression fractures?

Answer 37

pt with osteoporosis

Question 38

2nd most common brain tumor and accounts for approx 20% of all brain tumors slow growing benign brain neoplasm originating in the arachnoid tissues

Answer 38

meningioma

Question 39

a nerve sheath tumor that infiltrates the nerve and splays apart the individual nerve fibers usually benign, but can sometimes degenerate into cancer

Answer 39

neurofibroma

Question 40

type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops normally but the meninges protrude from a spinal opening, congenital herniation

Answer 40

meningocele

Question 41

traumatic separation of a segment of bone from the edge of the vertebral ring apophysis at the site of annular attachment

Answer 41

limbus fracture