Exam 4 (ch 12,13,14)

Question 1

One IV effects another IV and they consequently effect the DV together

Answer 1

Interaction Effect

Question 2

The effect of one IV on the DV

Answer 2

Main Effect

Question 3

Study where there are two or more IV’s or factors

Answer 3

Factorial Design

Question 4

A condition in an experiment (level of one IV)

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

Age, Gender, Ethnicity (factors that are selected, but not manipulated)

Answer 5

Participant Variables

Question 6

An experiment where researchers don’t have full control (may not be able to randomly assign participants to groups)

Answer 6

Quasi-Experiment

Question 7

Like an IV, but researchers don’t have full control over it

Answer 7

Quasi-independent variable

Question 8

Study that compares 2 or more existing groups

Answer 8

Nonequivalent Control Group Design

Question 9

Study where the DV is measured repeatedly before after and during an intervention or event

Answer 9

Interrupted Time-Series Design

Question 10

Study where the DV is measured before after and during an intervention in two or more existing groups

Answer 10

Nonequivalent Control Group Interrupted Times Series Design

Question 11

A study that’s looking for treatments. One group is randomly assigned therapy and the others (second group) received it after a time delay

Answer 11

Wait-List Design

Question 12

Design where info is gathered from only a few cases

Answer 12

small-N design

Question 13

Small-N design where behaviors are observed for an extended baseline period before beginning the intervention

Answer 13

Stable-Baseline design

Question 14

Small-N design where the introduction of the intervention (IV) is staggered at different times for different groups in different contexts

Answer 14

Multitude-Baseline design

Question 15

Small-N design where the researcher observes a problem behavior before and after a treatment then discontinues treatment to see if the behavior returns.

Answer 15

Reversal design

Question 16

Study whose results can be reproduced when the steps are repeated

Answer 16

Replicable

Question 17

Replication where the original study is repeated exactly

Answer 17

Direct Replication

Question 18

Replication where the operational definitions of some variables are changed when the study is repeated

Answer 18

Conceptual Replication

Question 19

Replication where some variables or conditions are added.

Answer 19

Replica Plus Extension

Question 20

Statistical average of existing studies

Answer 20

Meta-Analysis

Question 21

When a meta-analysis is based on only published literature overestimates the support for the theory

Answer 21

File Drawer Problem

Question 22

Researchers create an after-the-fact hypothesis

Answer 22

HARKing

Question 23

adding participants to the results, looking for outliers, or trying new analysis to obtain a p<0.05

Answer 23

p-hacking

Question 24

practice of sharing one’s data, hypothesis, materials freely

Answer 24

Open science

Question 25

Researchers provide their full data set online so others can replicate

Answer 25

Open data

Question 26

Full set of measures and manipulations are shared

Answer 26

Open materials

Question 27

Researcher states hypothesis publicly before collecting any data

Answer 27

Preregistered

Question 28

Extent to which the tasks/manipulations of a study are similar in an actual real work context

Answer 28

Ecological Validity

Question 29

intent for a study is to test a theory or claim

Answer 29

Theory-testing

Question 30

Intent is to generalize their study’s findings to other populations

Answer 30

Generalization Mode

Question 31

How cultural settings shape an individual and the the collective individuals then shape culture

Answer 31

Cultural psychology

Question 32

Real-world setting for a research study

Answer 32

Field Study

Question 33

Use methods of science but don’t assume that all things have natural causes

Answer 33

Methodological Naturalism

Question 34

Design that studies each possible combo of 2 manipulated IVs

Answer 34

Cross-Factorial Design

Question 35

Design that includes on manipulated IV and one participant variable that is not manipulated but treated as an IV

Answer 35

IVxPV Design

Question 36

How many IVs can you do max for an ideal study

Answer 36

4

Question 37

Factorial design where all the IVs are within one group of participants

Answer 37

Within Group Factorial Design

Question 38

Factorial design where one IV is manipulated between groups and one is manipulated within groups (increases the number of IV levels)

Answer 38

Mixed Factorial Design

Question 39

Validity priorities for small-n designs:

Answer 39

1) Internal- high
2) External- can be low bc studies are small
3) Construct- important
4)Statistical- not super relevant

Question 40

Benefits of small-n designs:

Answer 40

benefits rare conditions (research)
lots of detail
high internal validity

Question 41

Problems with small-n designs

Answer 41

limited external validity
ethical problems (in Reversal designs treatment must be taken away)

Question 42

Reasons studies fail to replicate:

Answer 42

• design confounds
• ceiling and floor effects
• statistics flukes
• sample differences/biases
  -reviewer issues
  -user errors
  -lack of funding/resources
  -procedure of original study is unclear

Question 43

How to increase a study’s replicability:

Answer 43

-make common techniques more accessible
- use exact methodology when replicating
- pre-register studies
- open science- share original data
- improve peer review process

Question 44

Benefits of Meta-Analysis

Answer 44

test new questions
discover new trends and patterns

Question 45

Potential Issues of Meta-Analysis

Answer 45

Publication bias
Conclusions are limited by the studies you include