Exam 4 chapter 12

Question 1

User accounts have two main functions

Answer 1

Provide a method for users to authenticate themselves to the network
Provide detailed information about a user

Question 2

are used to organize users so that assignment of resource permissions and rights can be managed more easily than working with dozens or hundreds of individual user accounts

Answer 2

Group accounts

Question 3

In a large network, a scheme for naming user and group accounts as well as network devices is crucial. Consider the following:

Answer 3

Is there a minimum and maximum number of characters user account names should have?
Should the username be based on the user’s real name or if security is important, should names be more cryptic?
Some OSs distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. Should usernames contain both as well as special characters?

Question 4

Considerations for password naming conventions:

Answer 4

Minimum length
Complexity requirements – use of uppercase and lowercase along with special characters
User or administrator created
Password change frequency

Question 5

Group account names should reflect

Answer 5

the group membership or the resource to which the group is assigned permissions

Question 6

When Windows is first installed, two users are created

Answer 6

Administrator and Guest (usually disabled)

The Administrator account has full access to a computer

Question 7

Windows domain users are created in

Answer 7

Active Directory Users and Computers

Question 8

You can create folders for organizing users and groups (called

Answer 8

organization units or OUs)

Question 9

Group scope has three options:

Answer 9

Domain local, Global,Universal

Question 10

Can be used to assign permissions to resources only in the domain in which the group is created

Answer 10

Domain local

Question 11

The default option and contains users from the domain in which they are created but can be assigned permissions to resources in other domains

Answer 11

Global

Question 12

Used in multidomain networks; users from any domain can be members and be assigned permission to resources in any domain

Answer 12

Universal

Question 13

Group type has two options:

Answer 13

Security (default)

Distribution

Question 14

Group scope has three options:

Answer 14

Domain local
Global
Universal

Question 15

a collection of user’s personal files and settings that define their working environment
Created when a user logs on for the first time

Answer 15

User profile

Question 16

A user profile stored on the same system where the user logs on is called a

Answer 16

local profile

Question 17

follows the user no matter which computer he or she logs on to

Answer 17

a roaming profile

Question 18

Stored on a network share
Any changes the user makes to the profile are replicated from the locally “cached copy” to the profile on the network share when the user logs off
Roaming profiles are rarely used in workgroup networks but is a feature Active Directory administrators use frequently

Answer 18

roaming profile

Question 19

discard a user’s profile changes at log off so the profile is always the same

Answer 19

Mandatory profiles

Question 20

User and group accounts in Linux are used for the same purpose as Windows:

Answer 20

User authentication and authorization

Question 21

Linux also has a default user who has full control over the system – named

Answer 21

root

Question 22

Use the command to create groups

Answer 22

groupadd

Question 23

Network administrators need to

Answer 23

Make sure enough storage space is available to store files needed
Manage who has access to file storage
Prevent users from storing inappropriate types of data on company servers

Question 24

a device, such as a hard disk, that is connected to a storage controller on the server

Answer 24

Locally attached storage

Question 25

is part or all of the space on one or more disks that contains (or is ready to contain) a file system In Windows, volumes are assigned a drive letter

Answer 25

A volume

Question 26

is sometimes used interchangeably with volume but don’t always describe the same thing In Windows, a basic disk can be divided into one to four partitions

Answer 26

partion

Question 27

can be formatted with a file system and assigned a drive letter (considered a volume)

Answer 27

primary partition

Question 28

is divided into one or more logical drives that can be formatted and assigned a drive letter (considered a volume)

Answer 28

Extended partition

Question 29

Only a primary partition can be the

Answer 29

active partition (partition that can hold boot files)

Question 30

The active primary partition storing the Windows boot loader is referred to as the

Answer 30

system partition

Question 31

The partition or logical drive holding the Windows OS files is called the

Answer 31

boot partition

Question 32

can be divided into one or more volumes; the term partition is not used in this context Linux systems refer to disks by using their device driver name plus a letter, starting with “a” Example: /dev/sda

Answer 32

dynamic disk

Question 33

The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system has two variations:

Answer 33

FAT16 is usually referred to as FAT and has been around since the mid-1980s Supported by most OSs FAT32 was released with Windows 95 OSR2 in 1996

Question 34

is limited to 2 GB partitions in most cases

Answer 34

FAT16

Question 35

allows partitions up to 2 TB but in Windows 2000 and later, Microsoft limits them to 32 GB because the file system becomes noticeable slower with larger partition sizes

Answer 35

FAT32

Question 36

limit amount of data users’ files can occupy

Answer 36

Disk quotas

Question 37

No need for a drive letter to access

Answer 37

Volume mount points

Question 38

allows users to restore older file versions or files that were accidentally deleted

Answer 38

Shadow copies

Question 39

files can be compressed

Answer 39

File compression

Question 40

makes encrypted files

Answer 40

Encrypting File System

Question 41

Two modes for accessing files on a networked computer:

Answer 41

Network (sometimes called remote) | Interactive (sometimes called local)

Question 42

Whether file access is attempted interactively or remotely through a share

Answer 42

NTFS permissions always apply

Question 43

NTFS standard permissions for folders and files:

Answer 43

``` Read Read & execute List folder contents Write Modify Full control ```

Question 44

Linux supports many files systems

Answer 44

Ext3, Ext4, ReiserFS, and XFS | Ext3 and Ext4 are the default file system for most Linux distributions

Question 45

There are only three permissions

Answer 45

read, write, and execute

Question 46

There are only three user types that can be assigned one or more permissions:

Answer 46

owner – owner of the file or folder group – The primary group to which the owner belongs other – All other users

Question 47

The dominant file-sharing protocol is

Answer 47

Server Message Block (SMB)

Question 48

The native Windows file-sharing protocol but is supported by Linux and MAC OS

Answer 48

SMB

Question 49

is the native Linux file-sharing protocol and Windows can support NFS with the right software installed

Answer 49

Network File System (NFS)

Question 50

Printer sharing also uses SMB

Answer 50

The native Linux printer-sharing protocol is line printer daemon/line printer remote (LPD/LPR)

Question 51

Share permissions are somewhat simpler than NTFS permissions with only 3 options:

Answer 51

Read Change Full Control

Question 52

To most advanced method for creating shares

Answer 52

File and Storage Services

Question 53

a compone

Answer 53

Shared Folder snap-in

Question 54

print device

Answer 54

Two basic types of print device: Local print device: Connected to an I/O port on a computer Network print device: A printer attached to and shared by another computer

Question 55

The icon in the Printers folder that represents print devices

Answer 55

printer

Question 56

A Windows computer sharing a printer

Answer 56

print server

Question 57

Storage for print jobs awaiting printing

Answer 57

print queue

Question 58

Benefits of using a shared printer:

Answer 58

``` Access control Printer pooling Printer priority Print job management Availability control ```

Question 59

Windows Server includes tools to manage and monitor server operation and resources:

Answer 59

Task Manager Event Viewer Performance Monitor

Question 60

event viewer

Answer 60

Allows administrators to view event log entries

Question 61

Allows administrators to view event log entries, categorized by these levels:

Answer 61

Information,Warning,Error

Question 62

indicate normal operations, such as service stops and starts

Answer 62

information

Question 63

Provide information about events that should be brought to the administrator’s attention

Answer 63

Warning

Question 64

often generated when a process or service is unable to perform a task or stops unexpectedly

Answer 64

Error

Question 65

contains the Performance Monitor tool

Answer 65

Monitoring tools

Question 66

contains user- and system-defined templates with sets of data points called data collectors

Answer 66

Data collector sets

Question 67

contains system- and user-defined performance and diagnostic reports

Answer 67

Reports

Question 68

uses counters to track the performance of a variety of objects A counter is a value representing some aspect of an object’s performance

Answer 68

perfomance monitor

Question 69

In order to track an object’s performance you need to create a

Answer 69

baseline

Question 70

is a record of performance data gathered when a system is performing well under normal operating conditions

Answer 70

performance baseline

Question 71

To create a baseline of performance data, you create a

Answer 71

data collector set that specifies the performance counters you want to collect, how often to collect them, and the time period

Question 72

Factors that can cause poor performance:

Answer 72

Poor or inadequate network design Poor network traffic management Network errors Denial-of-service attacks

Question 73

Network performance monitoring:

Answer 73

``` Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Remote Monitoring (RMON) ```

Question 74

To use SNMP:

Answer 74

SNMP software agents are loaded on network devices you want to manage and monitor Agents monitor network traffic and device status Stores information in a management information base (MIB) Management station communicates with software agents and collects data stored in the MIBs You can set thresholds for sending alert messages to administrators when thresholds are exceeded

Question 75

is an advanced network-monitoring protocol

Answer 75

RMON

Question 76

Extends SNMP’s capabilities | Comes in two versions:

Answer 76

RMON

Question 77

defines “RMON groups” to collect data and communicate with a management station and captures statistics at the Data Link and Physical layers

Answer 77

RMON1

Question 78

can collect and analyze traffic at the Network and higher layers

Answer 78

RMON2

Question 79

a copy of an entire disk is created that can be restored without reinstalling the OS

Answer 79

image backup

Question 80

can't restore separate files

Answer 80

so ___ backups are usually done along with traditional file backup

Question 81

provides methods for a system to continue running after a system failure has occurred

Answer 81

fault tolerance

Question 82

Windows Server Backup comes with Windows Server 2016 and has the following features:

Answer 82

Backups can be run manually or scheduled to run automatically You can create a system recovery backup that automatically includes all volumes containing critical system data Manual backups can be stored on network drives, fixed and removable basic disk volumes and CD or DVD

Question 83

Backups can be stored on

Answer 83

a hard disk dedicated for backups, a non-dedicated volume, or a shared network folder

Question 84

Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS)

Answer 84

backup, which means even open files can be backed up

Question 85

Windows Server Backup is configured but you can also back up files remotely

Answer 85

to back up the local computer,

Question 86

offers advanced disaster recovery solutions

Answer 86

An enterprise-class backup program, such as Symantec NetBackup and CommVault Galaxy Backup and Recovery,

Question 87

Three forms of fault tolerance that are common on networks and servers:

Answer 87

Redundant power supply and uninterruptible power supply Redundant disk systems Server clustering

Question 88

is a second power supply unit in the computer case, so if one power supply fails, the other unit takes on the full load

Answer 88

A redundant power supply

Question 89

is a device with a built-in battery, power conditioning, and surge protection

Answer 89

An uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

Question 90

cleans” the power, removing noise caused by other devices on the circuit

Answer 90

Power conditioning

Question 91

protects the computer from voltage spikes or surges

Answer 91

Surge protection

Question 92

requires two disks

Answer 92

Disk striping with parity

Question 93

When data is written to one disk, it’s also written to the second disk If either disk fails, the system can continue operating because both disks have the same data

Answer 93

Disk Mirroring(RAID 1)

Question 94

requires minimum of three disks but is more space efficient than RAID 1

Answer 94

Disk Striping with Parity (RAID 5)

Question 95

Works by spreading data across multiple disks and using one disk in each write operation to store parity information Parity info is generated by a calculation on data being written, so if one of the disks fails, it can be used to re-create lost data from the failed disk

Answer 95

Raid 5

Question 96

is made up of two or more servers that are interconnected and appear as a single unit Two common types of clustering:

Answer 96

Server cluster

Question 97

A failover cluster involves two or more servers sharing a high-speed link used to synchronize data One server is the primary and others are standby. In the event the primary fails, a standby server takes its place A load-balancing cluster consists of two or more servers that appear as a single unit to users. All servers in the cluster operate and share the load

Answer 97

Server cluster