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Physiology > Exam 4: digestive one > Flashcards

Exam 4: digestive one Flashcards

1
Q

how is the gastrointestinal tract layered?

A

1) Mucosa (innermost)
2) Submucosa
3) muscularis
4) serosa (outermost)

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2
Q

what is the mucosa layer made up of?

A

the inner most layer, the epithelieal cells can secret (mucus, enzymes, hormones) or absorb

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3
Q

what is the submucosa layer made up of?

A

primarily connective tissue contaning the submucosal nerve plexus which controls mucosa secreting glands

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4
Q

what is the muscularis layer made up of?

A

primarily composed of smooth muscle, which cause wave like contractions AKA peristalsis

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5
Q

what is the serosa layer made up of?

A

outermost layer; secrets a watery fluid to allow organs to slide over one another AKA peritoneum

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6
Q

What are the organs of the GI tract?

M, P, E, S, SI, LI

A

1) Mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine

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7
Q

what is the function of the mouth?

A

mastication and adding saliva to soften food

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8
Q

what is saliva?

A

contains salivary amylase which initates chemical breakdown of carbohydrates

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9
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A

volunatirly propels food to the esophagus

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10
Q

what is the function of the Esophagus?

A

a passage way for food to the stomach

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11
Q

what is the makeup of the esophagus?

upper and lower

A

skeletal muscle in the upper half and smooth muscle lower

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12
Q

What is the makeup of the pharynx?

A

skeletal muscle

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13
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

churning food into chyme

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14
Q

What is the makeup of the stomach?

A

1) thick muscular wall
2) gastric glands which secrete gastric juice

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15
Q

what is chyme?

A

the pulpy acidic fluid consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

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16
Q

what does gastric juice contain?

A

1) parietal cells
2) cheif cells
3) neck mucous cells (mucus)+ surface epithelial cells (mucus and bicarbonate)
4) gastric lipase

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17
Q

what is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?

A

secret HCl (hydrochloric acid) and intrinsic factors

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18
Q

what is the function of intrinsic factors?

IF + B12 —–> absorbs into bs——-> bm

A

required for viatmin B12 absorbption

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19
Q

what is the function of cheif cells in the stomach?

A

secrete pepsinogen, and activate pepsin

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20
Q

what is pesinogen?

A

an inactive enzyme

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21
Q

what is pesin?

A

an enzyme that breaksdown protiens

22
Q

what is added to pesinogen to make pepsin?

A

HCL (hydrochlroic acid)

23
Q

what is the function of neck mucous cells + surface epithelial cells in the stomach?

A

creates the gastric mucosal barrier against self digestion (coat)

24
Q

what is the function of gastric lipase in the stomach?

A

lipid digestion

25
Q

what do gastric glands in the stomach contain?

A

G cells

26
Q

what is the function of Gcells in the gastric gland in the stomach?

A

secrete gastrin (a hormone)

27
Q

Where does gastrin get secreted into?

A

surrounding tissue to stimulate the parietal and chiefs cells when the stomach contains food

28
Q

what does the small intestine consist of?

A

1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum

29
Q

what is the function of duodenum in the small intestine ?

A

1) recieves bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas
2) cells of the duodenum make digestive enzymes to assist w/ chemical digestion

30
Q

what kind of digestion does bile aid in?

A

fat

31
Q

what kind of digestion does the cells of the duodenum aid in?

A

carb and protein

32
Q

what is does pancreatic juices conatin?

A

digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

33
Q

what is the function of bicarbonate?

A

to neutralize the acid

34
Q

what is the equation for neutalization?

A+B=S

A

acid+ base (bicarbonate, HCO3-)= bile salts neutralization

35
Q

what is the function of jejunenum in the small intestine ?

A

absorbption of nurtients

36
Q

what is the function of ileum in the small intestine ?

A

absorbption of nurtients

37
Q

where does most absorbption take place?

A

jejunum

38
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A

absorption of H2o

39
Q

what are the four parts of the large intestine?

Ce, Co, Re, An Ca

A

1) cecum
2) colon
3) rectum
4) anal canal

40
Q

what are the four parts of the colon in the large intestine?

A, T, D, S

A

1) Ascending
2) transverse
3) desceding
4) sigmoind

41
Q

what is the function of transverse colon in the large intestine?

A

compact and propel waste

42
Q

what is the function of descending colon in the large intestine?

A

maintains H2o balance

43
Q

what is the function of sigmoid colon in the large intestine?

A

absorbs some vitamins

44
Q

what are the two parts of the anal canal in the large intestine?

IAS, EAS

A

1) internal anal sphincter
2) external anal sphincter

45
Q

what is the makeup of the internal anal sphincter?

A

smooth muscle

46
Q

what is the makeup of the external anal sphincter?

A

skeletal muscle

47
Q

what does saliva contain?

M, LL, A, BC, L

A

1)mucus
2)lingual lipase
3)amaylase
4)bicarbonate
5)lysozyme

48
Q

where can enterokinase be found?

A

small intestine

49
Q

what does pancreatic juices contain?

BC, PA, PL, P, N

A

1) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
2) pancreatic amylase
3) pancreatic lipase
4) proteases
5) nucleases

50
Q

what is the function of the galbaldder?

A

stores and concentrates bile (attached to liver)

Physiology (13 decks)

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