Exam 4: digestive one

Question 1

how is the gastrointestinal tract layered?

Answer 1

1) Mucosa (innermost)
2) Submucosa
3) muscularis
4) serosa (outermost)

Question 2

what is the mucosa layer made up of?

Answer 2

the inner most layer, the epithelieal cells can secret (mucus, enzymes, hormones) or absorb

Question 3

what is the submucosa layer made up of?

Answer 3

primarily connective tissue contaning the submucosal nerve plexus which controls mucosa secreting glands

Question 4

what is the muscularis layer made up of?

Answer 4

primarily composed of smooth muscle, which cause wave like contractions AKA peristalsis

Question 5

what is the serosa layer made up of?

Answer 5

outermost layer; secrets a watery fluid to allow organs to slide over one another AKA peritoneum

Question 6

What are the organs of the GI tract?

M, P, E, S, SI, LI

Answer 6

1) Mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine

Question 7

what is the function of the mouth?

Answer 7

mastication and adding saliva to soften food

Question 8

what is saliva?

Answer 8

contains salivary amylase which initates chemical breakdown of carbohydrates

Question 9

what is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 9

volunatirly propels food to the esophagus

Question 10

what is the function of the Esophagus?

Answer 10

a passage way for food to the stomach

Question 11

what is the makeup of the esophagus?

upper and lower

Answer 11

skeletal muscle in the upper half and smooth muscle lower

Question 12

What is the makeup of the pharynx?

Answer 12

skeletal muscle

Question 13

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 13

churning food into chyme

Question 14

What is the makeup of the stomach?

Answer 14

1) thick muscular wall
2) gastric glands which secrete gastric juice

Question 15

what is chyme?

Answer 15

the pulpy acidic fluid consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

Question 16

what does gastric juice contain?

Answer 16

1) parietal cells
2) cheif cells
3) neck mucous cells (mucus)+ surface epithelial cells (mucus and bicarbonate)
4) gastric lipase

Question 17

what is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?

Answer 17

secret HCl (hydrochloric acid) and intrinsic factors

Question 18

what is the function of intrinsic factors?

IF + B12 —–> absorbs into bs——-> bm

Answer 18

required for viatmin B12 absorbption

Question 19

what is the function of cheif cells in the stomach?

Answer 19

secrete pepsinogen, and activate pepsin

Question 20

what is pesinogen?

Answer 20

an inactive enzyme

Question 21

what is pesin?

Answer 21

an enzyme that breaksdown protiens

Question 22

what is added to pesinogen to make pepsin?

Answer 22

HCL (hydrochlroic acid)

Question 23

what is the function of neck mucous cells + surface epithelial cells in the stomach?

Answer 23

creates the gastric mucosal barrier against self digestion (coat)

Question 24

what is the function of gastric lipase in the stomach?

Answer 24

lipid digestion

Question 25

what do gastric glands in the stomach contain?

Answer 25

G cells

Question 26

what is the function of Gcells in the gastric gland in the stomach?

Answer 26

secrete gastrin (a hormone)

Question 27

Where does gastrin get secreted into?

Answer 27

surrounding tissue to stimulate the parietal and chiefs cells when the stomach contains food

Question 28

what does the small intestine consist of?

Answer 28

1) duodenum 2) jejunum 3) ileum

Question 29

what is the function of duodenum in the small intestine ?

Answer 29

1) recieves bile from the liver and pancreatic juices from the pancreas 2) cells of the duodenum make digestive enzymes to assist w/ chemical digestion

Question 30

what kind of digestion does bile aid in?

Answer 30

fat

Question 31

what kind of digestion does the cells of the duodenum aid in?

Answer 31

carb and protein

Question 32

what is does pancreatic juices conatin?

Answer 32

digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

Question 33

what is the function of bicarbonate?

Answer 33

to neutralize the acid

Question 34

what is the equation for neutalization? | A+B=S

Answer 34

acid+ base (bicarbonate, HCO3-)= bile salts neutralization

Question 35

what is the function of jejunenum in the small intestine ?

Answer 35

absorbption of nurtients

Question 36

what is the function of ileum in the small intestine ?

Answer 36

absorbption of nurtients

Question 37

where does most absorbption take place?

Answer 37

jejunum

Question 38

what is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 38

absorption of H2o

Question 39

what are the four parts of the large intestine? | Ce, Co, Re, An Ca

Answer 39

1) cecum 2) colon 3) rectum 4) anal canal

Question 40

what are the four parts of the colon in the large intestine? | A, T, D, S

Answer 40

1) Ascending 2) transverse 3) desceding 4) sigmoind

Question 41

what is the function of transverse colon in the large intestine?

Answer 41

compact and propel waste

Question 42

what is the function of descending colon in the large intestine?

Answer 42

maintains H2o balance

Question 43

what is the function of sigmoid colon in the large intestine?

Answer 43

absorbs some vitamins

Question 44

what are the two parts of the anal canal in the large intestine? | IAS, EAS

Answer 44

1) internal anal sphincter 2) external anal sphincter

Question 45

what is the makeup of the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 45

smooth muscle

Question 46

what is the makeup of the external anal sphincter?

Answer 46

skeletal muscle

Question 47

what does saliva contain? | M, LL, A, BC, L

Answer 47

1)mucus 2)lingual lipase 3)amaylase 4)bicarbonate 5)lysozyme

Question 48

where can enterokinase be found?

Answer 48

small intestine

Question 49

what does pancreatic juices contain? | BC, PA, PL, P, N

Answer 49

1) Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 2) pancreatic amylase 3) pancreatic lipase 4) proteases 5) nucleases

Question 50

what is the function of the galbaldder?

Answer 50

stores and concentrates bile (attached to liver)